NSG-320 Exam II Comprehensive: (Latest 2026/2027 Update)
Hypertension, CAD, Heart Failure, VTE, Anemia, Leukemia, & Cancer |
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing Program
Subject: NSG-320 – Medical-Surgical Nursing / Cardiovascular & Hematology
Source: NSG-320 Exam II Blueprint 2026/2027 Format: Q&A Guide with Rationale | Verified Grade A
1. What is the blood pressure (BP) formula and normal BP range?
Correct Answer: BP = CO × SVR; CO = HR × SV. Normal BP: <120 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic.
1. Cardiac output (CO) = stroke volume × heart rate; systemic vascular resistance (SVR) = afterload.
2. Elevated BP: 120-129 / <80; Stage 1: 130--89; Stage 2: ≥140/≥90; Hypertensive crisis: >180/>120.
3. Major risk of high BP: end-organ damage (brain, heart, kidneys, eyes).
2. What is the DASH diet for hypertension management?
Correct Answer: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension: high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
lean proteins; limit salt, sugar, and saturated fats.
1. DASH diet lowers BP by 8-14 mmHg; includes low sodium (<1500 mg/day optimal).
2. Key nutrients: potassium, calcium, magnesium; limit red meat, sweets, sugary beverages.
3. Target BP: <130/80 mmHg; therapy includes lifestyle + medications (Stage 1: 1 med; Stage 2: 2 meds different
classes).
3. How should BP be measured accurately?
Correct Answer: Correct cuff size/placement; arm at heart level; measure both arms initially; assess for orthostatic
changes; record trends; diagnosis based on average of ≥2 readings on ≥2 occasions.
1. Use higher number to classify (SBP increases with age, DBP up to ~55 then decreases).
2. Home BP monitoring more accurate predictor of CVD risk than office readings; use validated upper-arm device.
3. ABPM (ambulatory BP monitoring) avoids white coat HTN (common in elderly).
4. What is coronary artery disease (CAD) pathophysiology?
Correct Answer: Begins with atherosclerosis → endothelial injury → inflammation and plaque formation. Causes:
smoking, HTN, high cholesterol, diabetes. Plaque hardens, arteries narrow → decreased coronary flow → oxygen
supply/demand imbalance → ischemia (elevated CRP).
1. CRP = marker of inflammation made by liver; high levels indicate chronic inflammation in blood vessels.
2. CAD stages: 1= fatty streak, 2= fibrous plaque, 3= complicated lesion (may rupture).
3. Collateral circulation: body's natural bypass triggered by chronic ischemia; maintains blood flow at rest.
5. What is the FITT formula for cardiovascular health?
Correct Answer: Frequency: most days/week; Intensity: moderate to vigorous; Time: 30 min/day (150 min/week);
Type: aerobic and resistance training. Benefits: decreased weight/BP, increased HDL.
1. Exercise reduces LDL, triglycerides, and improves endothelial function.
2. Resistance training 2-3x/week complements aerobic exercise.
3. Start low, go slow for deconditioned individuals.
Hypertension, CAD, Heart Failure, VTE, Anemia, Leukemia, & Cancer |
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing Program
Subject: NSG-320 – Medical-Surgical Nursing / Cardiovascular & Hematology
Source: NSG-320 Exam II Blueprint 2026/2027 Format: Q&A Guide with Rationale | Verified Grade A
1. What is the blood pressure (BP) formula and normal BP range?
Correct Answer: BP = CO × SVR; CO = HR × SV. Normal BP: <120 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic.
1. Cardiac output (CO) = stroke volume × heart rate; systemic vascular resistance (SVR) = afterload.
2. Elevated BP: 120-129 / <80; Stage 1: 130--89; Stage 2: ≥140/≥90; Hypertensive crisis: >180/>120.
3. Major risk of high BP: end-organ damage (brain, heart, kidneys, eyes).
2. What is the DASH diet for hypertension management?
Correct Answer: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension: high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
lean proteins; limit salt, sugar, and saturated fats.
1. DASH diet lowers BP by 8-14 mmHg; includes low sodium (<1500 mg/day optimal).
2. Key nutrients: potassium, calcium, magnesium; limit red meat, sweets, sugary beverages.
3. Target BP: <130/80 mmHg; therapy includes lifestyle + medications (Stage 1: 1 med; Stage 2: 2 meds different
classes).
3. How should BP be measured accurately?
Correct Answer: Correct cuff size/placement; arm at heart level; measure both arms initially; assess for orthostatic
changes; record trends; diagnosis based on average of ≥2 readings on ≥2 occasions.
1. Use higher number to classify (SBP increases with age, DBP up to ~55 then decreases).
2. Home BP monitoring more accurate predictor of CVD risk than office readings; use validated upper-arm device.
3. ABPM (ambulatory BP monitoring) avoids white coat HTN (common in elderly).
4. What is coronary artery disease (CAD) pathophysiology?
Correct Answer: Begins with atherosclerosis → endothelial injury → inflammation and plaque formation. Causes:
smoking, HTN, high cholesterol, diabetes. Plaque hardens, arteries narrow → decreased coronary flow → oxygen
supply/demand imbalance → ischemia (elevated CRP).
1. CRP = marker of inflammation made by liver; high levels indicate chronic inflammation in blood vessels.
2. CAD stages: 1= fatty streak, 2= fibrous plaque, 3= complicated lesion (may rupture).
3. Collateral circulation: body's natural bypass triggered by chronic ischemia; maintains blood flow at rest.
5. What is the FITT formula for cardiovascular health?
Correct Answer: Frequency: most days/week; Intensity: moderate to vigorous; Time: 30 min/day (150 min/week);
Type: aerobic and resistance training. Benefits: decreased weight/BP, increased HDL.
1. Exercise reduces LDL, triglycerides, and improves endothelial function.
2. Resistance training 2-3x/week complements aerobic exercise.
3. Start low, go slow for deconditioned individuals.
