NSG221/ NSG 221 Exam 2 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Complete Exam Questions with Verified Answers and Detailed Rationales | Grief and Loss, Kubler-Ross Stages, Aggression Cycle, Substance Use Disorders, Alcohol Withdrawal | A+ Graded | Herzing University

INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD This comprehensive EXAM resource for NSG 221 Exam 2 covers Grief and Loss, Aggression Cycle, Substance Use Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Psychopharmacology for the 2026/2027 academic year. It features exam-style questions with verified answers and detailed rationales. Exam 2 Topics Covered: Types of Loss (physiologic, safety, security/belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization) Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance) Rando's 6 Tasks of Grieving (Recognize, React, Recollect, Relinquish, Readjust, Reinvest) Mourning Rituals & Cultural Considerations (African American, Muslim, Native American, Haitian, Chinese, Jewish) Physiologic, Emotional, Cognitive, Behavioral, Spiritual Responses to Grief Aggression Cycle (5 phases: Triggering, Escalation, Crisis, Recovery, Post-Crisis) De-escalation Techniques & Nursing Interventions by Phase Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) & Disruptive Behavior Substance Use Disorders: Alcohol Withdrawal, Opioid Use, Disulfiram (Antabuse) Reaction Anxiety Disorders: Normal vs Pathological Anxiety, Fear vs Anxiety, Contributing Factors GRIEF AND LOSS – COMPLETE Q&A REVIEW Q1. What is mourning? Correct Answer: The outward expression of grief. Rationale: Mourning involves cultural and social rituals that help people express their grief. Mourning rituals include having a wake, sitting shiva, holding religious ceremonies, and arranging funerals . Q2. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the definition of "loss of self-esteem"? Correct Answer: Any change in how a person is valued at work, in relationships, or by him/herself that threatens self-esteem. Rationale: Loss of self-esteem can be an actual change or the person's perception of a change in value. Death of a loved one, a broken relationship, loss of a job, and retirement are examples of change that represent loss and can threaten self-esteem . Q3. What are the five stages of grief according to Kubler-Ross? Correct Answer: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance. Rationale: The stages progress from shock and disbelief (denial) through anger and bargaining, to acute awareness of loss (depression), and finally to coming to terms with the loss (acceptance). These stages are not always linear; individuals may move back and forth between stages . Q4. According to Kubler-Ross, what occurs during the bargaining stage of grief? Correct Answer: The person asks God or fate for more time to delay the inevitable loss. Rationale: Bargaining represents an attempt to regain control by offering something in exchange for more time or a different outcome. For example, a dying person may promise to dedicate their life to charity if they are allowed to live . Q5. What are Rando's six tasks of grieving ("R" tasks)? Correct Answer: Recognize, React, Recollect and Re-experience, Relinquish, Readjust, Reinvest. Rationale: Grieving is an active process that requires significant effort. Unlike Kubler-Ross's stages, Rando's tasks emphasize active participation (the "work" of grieving). Tasks include recognizing the loss, reacting emotionally, reliving memories, accepting the changed world, readjusting to daily life, and reinvesting in new relationships . Q6. What is a physiologic response to grief? Correct Answer: Sleep disturbances (insomnia). Rationale: Those grieving may complain of insomnia, headaches, impaired appetite, weight loss, lack of energy, palpitations, indigestion, and changes in the immune and endocrine systems. Sleep disturbances are among the most frequent and persistent bereavement-associated symptoms . Q7. What are the predominant emotional responses to loss in the grieving process? Correct Answer: Anger, sadness, and anxiety. Rationale: Emotional responses vacillate in frequency and intensity throughout grief. The grieving person may also experience guilt, hatred, revenge (in traumatic deaths), dependency, and fear of their own death. A common first response to news of loss is to be stunned or numb . Q8. What is a behavioral response often seen in grieving individuals? Correct Answer: Crying uncontrollably or searching for the deceased. Rationale: Behavioral responses are often the easiest to observe. The person may function "automatically" (numbness), cry uncontrollably, show restlessness, searching behaviors, or even call out for the deceased. Maladaptive behaviors include substance abuse or suicidal gestures if the person cannot move through the grieving process . Q9. What is a cognitive response to grief? Correct Answer: Questioning and trying to make sense of the loss. Rationale: Grief disrupts basic assumptions about life's meaning and purpose. The grieving person often asks "Why did this happen?" They may also attempt to keep the lost one present through beliefs in an afterlife or by maintaining the deceased as a spiritual guide . Q10. According to the provided materials, what is a spiritual response to grief that nurses should address?