QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
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Subject confounds - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Maturation: changes in participatn over the course of
the study that are the result of natural growth and development
2) History: change sin environment over the course of the study that have effect on target bx
3) Attrition: reduction or decrease in the number of participants
4) Practice effects: when behavior improves due to the opportunity to practice during a long
baseline period
5) Adaptation: changes in responding due to the repeated presentation of a particular SD
Setting confounds - CORRECT ANSWER-Uncontrolled variables in the tx setting that could
impact the outcome of a study (those in natural settings are more prone to these variables)
Functional relation - CORRECT ANSWER-Behavior changes when, and only when, the IV is
introduced
Features of single-case design - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Individuals serving as their own controls
(baseline)
, 2) Repeated measures and ongoing visual analysis to inform decision making
3) Prediction, verification, replication
4) Determine if an intervention is effective for that individual
Steady rate responding - CORRECT ANSWER-A pattern of target bx responding with minor
variations over a period of time.
Steady state strategy: deliberate process in experimentation where the DV is repeatedly
exposed to the IV to achieve stable pattern of responding before moving to the next condition.
Baseline logic - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Prediction: once a steady trend has been established,
prediction is the projection that the data path will remain unchanging if current conditions
persist (occurs during baseline phase)
2) Verification: the effectiveness of the IV is demonstrated if the DV returns to its baseline level
when the IV has been removed. Verifies the prediction (2nd baseline phase)
3) Replication: reproducing the tx results in subsequent conditions, demonstrates reliability and
believability (2nd tx condition)
Strengths of single-case experimental design - CORRECT ANSWER-1) looks as significant
variables to ensure clinically and socially valid behavior change for an individual
2) Explores generality
3) Predicts and controls for individual behavior
4) Visually analyzed individual data to guide decision making
Interpreting single-case designs - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Is there a reliable and convincing
functional relation between the DV and the IV
2) Do the data represent valid and accurate measures of the target bx
3) Does the graphic display look appropriately scaled
4) Does the target bx appear stable during each phase of the experiment?
5) Were baseline conditions appropriate given the target bx