BCBA EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ [LATEST] 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
When a response if followed immediately by a stimulus that decreases the FUTURE frequency of
similar responses.
-Defined by function, not topography.
-Defined by future effects on bx.
-2-term contingency: Behavior-->Consequence
-Becomes 3-term contingency when you add the antecedent, "Discriminative Effects of
Punishment", when punishment occurs only in some conditions & not in others.
Threats are not punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-If a person stops a bx when you threaten
them, this is NOT bc of punishment. But bc the threat functions as the MO that evokes
alternative bxs that avoid the threatened punishment.
Recovery from Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-When punishment is stopped, the effects on bx
are not permanent.
Equivalent to extinction for reinforcement.
Unwanted effect of Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER--Society dislikes this
-Effect of punishment can be temporary
,-People who are doing the procedures may be negatively reinforced by their bx.
-Does not address the cause of the challenging bx
-Emotional & aggressive reactions
-Escape & avoidance of ppl and settings
-Requires lots of supervision, resources & time
-Behavioral Contrast
Punisher - CORRECT ANSWER-A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of the bx
that immediately precedes it
Positive Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-AKA: Type I Punishment
A PROCESS that occurs when a stimulus is added immediately following a bx that results in a
decrease in FUTURE frequency of the bx.
5 Types of Positive Punishment Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-ROSER
Reprimands
Overcorrection
Shock/Contingent Electrical Stimulation/ECT
Exercise/Contingent Exercise
Response Blocking
Overcorrection - CORRECT ANSWER-2 Types:
1. Restitutional Overcorrection: repair environment better than original state
2. Positive Practice Overcorrection: individual is required to correctly repeat bx for a certain
amount of time or a certain number of times
,Exercise/Contingent Exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-An individual is required to perform a
response not topographically related to the bx.
Response Blocking - CORRECT ANSWER-Physically intervening as soon as individual begins to
emit bx to "block" the completion of the response
Negative Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-AKA: Type II Punishment; Penalty Principle; Penalty
Contingency
A PROCESS when a response is immediately followed by removal of a stimulus (or decrease in
intensity of stimulus) that decreases the FUTURE frequency of similar responses
Negative Punishment Procedures - CORRECT ANSWER-Response Cost
Time-Out
Response Cost - CORRECT ANSWER-Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement contingent on a
bx.
-Produces mod-to-rapid decrease in bx
2 Methods
1. Bonus Response Cost
2. Direct Fines
**Watch out for ethical issues associated with removing reinforcers
Bonus Response Cost - CORRECT ANSWER-When you make additional non-contingent
reinforcers available to the individual & then take those away.
, Example: Students usually get 15 minutes of recess daily, but you give them a "bonus" 15
minutes, so you can take away those extra minutes.
Direct Fines - CORRECT ANSWER-Direct loss of positive reinforcers
Time-Out - CORRECT ANSWER-AKA: Time-Out from Positive Reinforcement
2 Types:
1. Non-Exclusionary Time-Out
2. Exclusionary Time-Out
**Ethical issues about duration & conditions of time-out
Non-Exclusionary Time-Out - CORRECT ANSWER-Individual not removed from space.
Preferred over exclusionary bc it is less restrictive.
4 Types: (IWOR)
1. Ignoring/Planned ignoring
2. Withdrawal of a Specific Positive Reinforcer
3. Observation/Contingent Observation
4. Ribbon/Time-Out Ribbon
Ignoring/Planned Ignoring - CORRECT ANSWER-social reinforcers removed for a specific amount
of time
Withdrawal of a Specific Positive Reinforcer - CORRECT ANSWER-Taking something preferred
away
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ [LATEST] 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
When a response if followed immediately by a stimulus that decreases the FUTURE frequency of
similar responses.
-Defined by function, not topography.
-Defined by future effects on bx.
-2-term contingency: Behavior-->Consequence
-Becomes 3-term contingency when you add the antecedent, "Discriminative Effects of
Punishment", when punishment occurs only in some conditions & not in others.
Threats are not punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-If a person stops a bx when you threaten
them, this is NOT bc of punishment. But bc the threat functions as the MO that evokes
alternative bxs that avoid the threatened punishment.
Recovery from Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-When punishment is stopped, the effects on bx
are not permanent.
Equivalent to extinction for reinforcement.
Unwanted effect of Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER--Society dislikes this
-Effect of punishment can be temporary
,-People who are doing the procedures may be negatively reinforced by their bx.
-Does not address the cause of the challenging bx
-Emotional & aggressive reactions
-Escape & avoidance of ppl and settings
-Requires lots of supervision, resources & time
-Behavioral Contrast
Punisher - CORRECT ANSWER-A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of the bx
that immediately precedes it
Positive Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-AKA: Type I Punishment
A PROCESS that occurs when a stimulus is added immediately following a bx that results in a
decrease in FUTURE frequency of the bx.
5 Types of Positive Punishment Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-ROSER
Reprimands
Overcorrection
Shock/Contingent Electrical Stimulation/ECT
Exercise/Contingent Exercise
Response Blocking
Overcorrection - CORRECT ANSWER-2 Types:
1. Restitutional Overcorrection: repair environment better than original state
2. Positive Practice Overcorrection: individual is required to correctly repeat bx for a certain
amount of time or a certain number of times
,Exercise/Contingent Exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-An individual is required to perform a
response not topographically related to the bx.
Response Blocking - CORRECT ANSWER-Physically intervening as soon as individual begins to
emit bx to "block" the completion of the response
Negative Punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-AKA: Type II Punishment; Penalty Principle; Penalty
Contingency
A PROCESS when a response is immediately followed by removal of a stimulus (or decrease in
intensity of stimulus) that decreases the FUTURE frequency of similar responses
Negative Punishment Procedures - CORRECT ANSWER-Response Cost
Time-Out
Response Cost - CORRECT ANSWER-Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement contingent on a
bx.
-Produces mod-to-rapid decrease in bx
2 Methods
1. Bonus Response Cost
2. Direct Fines
**Watch out for ethical issues associated with removing reinforcers
Bonus Response Cost - CORRECT ANSWER-When you make additional non-contingent
reinforcers available to the individual & then take those away.
, Example: Students usually get 15 minutes of recess daily, but you give them a "bonus" 15
minutes, so you can take away those extra minutes.
Direct Fines - CORRECT ANSWER-Direct loss of positive reinforcers
Time-Out - CORRECT ANSWER-AKA: Time-Out from Positive Reinforcement
2 Types:
1. Non-Exclusionary Time-Out
2. Exclusionary Time-Out
**Ethical issues about duration & conditions of time-out
Non-Exclusionary Time-Out - CORRECT ANSWER-Individual not removed from space.
Preferred over exclusionary bc it is less restrictive.
4 Types: (IWOR)
1. Ignoring/Planned ignoring
2. Withdrawal of a Specific Positive Reinforcer
3. Observation/Contingent Observation
4. Ribbon/Time-Out Ribbon
Ignoring/Planned Ignoring - CORRECT ANSWER-social reinforcers removed for a specific amount
of time
Withdrawal of a Specific Positive Reinforcer - CORRECT ANSWER-Taking something preferred
away
