NURS 611 Patho Exam 2 Real Exam
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• What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? -✓✓Conserving
energy and the body's resources
• What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? -✓✓Catecholamine
release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing
to GI/Integumentary
• What are the classifications of primary brain injury? -✓✓Focal or diffuse
• What are focal brain injuries? -✓✓Specific, grossly observable lesions that occur
in a precise location
• What are examples of focal brain injuries? -✓✓Epidural hemorrhage and
subdural hemorrhage
• What are examples of diffuse brain injuries? -✓✓Hypoxia, meningitis,
encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
,• What can happen with increased intracranial pressures? -✓✓Collateral
dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus
• What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia? -✓✓Paroxysmal
hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion
with flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor
spasm, and bradycardia.
• What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia? -
✓✓Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose
The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm
that increases blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the
hypertension and stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate
because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
• What are the onset of delirium and dementia? -✓✓Delirium - acute and common
during hospitalization
Dementia - usually insidious and can be acute in situations such as trauma or
stroke
• What conditions are associated with delirium? -✓✓UTI, thyroid disorders,
hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal insufficiency,
trauma, multiple medications
, • What conditions are associated with dementia? -✓✓May have no other conditions
• What is the course of delirium? -✓✓Fluctuates and remits with treatment
• What is the course with dementia? -✓✓chronic slow decline
• What is the duration of delirium? -✓✓Hours to weeks
• What is the duration of dementia? -✓✓Months to years
• What sleep-wake cycle is noted with delirium? -✓✓disrupted
• What sleep-wake cycle is noted with dementia? -✓✓Usually normal or frgmented
• What is the alertness and orientation with delirium? -✓✓impaired
• What is the alertness and orientation with dementia? -✓✓Normal alertness and
intact early, but impaired later
• What behavior is associated with delirium? -✓✓Agitation, withdrawn/depressed
• What behavior is associated with dementia? -✓✓normal
Questions and Answers | Guaranteed
Verified Answers
• What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? -✓✓Conserving
energy and the body's resources
• What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? -✓✓Catecholamine
release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing
to GI/Integumentary
• What are the classifications of primary brain injury? -✓✓Focal or diffuse
• What are focal brain injuries? -✓✓Specific, grossly observable lesions that occur
in a precise location
• What are examples of focal brain injuries? -✓✓Epidural hemorrhage and
subdural hemorrhage
• What are examples of diffuse brain injuries? -✓✓Hypoxia, meningitis,
encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
,• What can happen with increased intracranial pressures? -✓✓Collateral
dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus
• What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia? -✓✓Paroxysmal
hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion
with flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor
spasm, and bradycardia.
• What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia? -
✓✓Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose
The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm
that increases blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the
hypertension and stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate
because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
• What are the onset of delirium and dementia? -✓✓Delirium - acute and common
during hospitalization
Dementia - usually insidious and can be acute in situations such as trauma or
stroke
• What conditions are associated with delirium? -✓✓UTI, thyroid disorders,
hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal insufficiency,
trauma, multiple medications
, • What conditions are associated with dementia? -✓✓May have no other conditions
• What is the course of delirium? -✓✓Fluctuates and remits with treatment
• What is the course with dementia? -✓✓chronic slow decline
• What is the duration of delirium? -✓✓Hours to weeks
• What is the duration of dementia? -✓✓Months to years
• What sleep-wake cycle is noted with delirium? -✓✓disrupted
• What sleep-wake cycle is noted with dementia? -✓✓Usually normal or frgmented
• What is the alertness and orientation with delirium? -✓✓impaired
• What is the alertness and orientation with dementia? -✓✓Normal alertness and
intact early, but impaired later
• What behavior is associated with delirium? -✓✓Agitation, withdrawn/depressed
• What behavior is associated with dementia? -✓✓normal
