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• Fungi -✓✓Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from organic matter; cell
walls made of chitin.
• Plants -✓✓Autotrophs that perform photosynthesis; cell walls made of
cellulose.
• Animals -✓✓Multicellular heterotrophs that ingest food; no cell walls.
• Porifera -✓✓Sponges.
• Cnidaria -✓✓Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals.
• Platyhelminthes -✓✓Flatworms.
• Nematoda -✓✓Roundworms.
• Mollusca -✓✓Snails, clams, octopus.
• Annelida -✓✓Segmented worms (earthworms).
, • Arthropoda -✓✓Insects, spiders, crustaceans.
• Echinodermata -✓✓Sea stars, sea urchins.
• Chordata -✓✓Animals with a backbone (vertebrates).
• Unique Features of Sponges -✓✓No true tissues or organs; body full of
pores for water flow; filter feeders; asymmetrical body.
• How Cnidarians Eat -✓✓Capture prey using tentacles with stinging
cells (nematocysts); food enters through the mouth opening into the
gastrovascular cavity.
• Characteristics of Molluscs -✓✓Muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle
(may produce shell).
• Major Groups of Arthropods -✓✓Insects, arachnids (spiders, ticks),
crustaceans (crabs, shrimp), myriapods (centipedes, millipedes).
• Shared Arthropod Characteristics -✓✓Exoskeleton, segmented body,
jointed appendages, grow by molting.