BSN225 Exam 4 Actual Exam Style V1 |
BSN 225 HESI RN Specialty Fundamentals
of Nursing Exam | Nightingale
1. Which action is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of healthcare-
associated infections?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
C. Using a mask for all patient interactions
D. Performing consistent hand hygiene
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Hand hygiene is recognized as the primary intervention to break the
chain of infection. It involves using soap and water or alcohol-based rubs before and after
every patient contact. Consistently performing this simple task significantly reduces the
transmission of pathogens between patients and staff.
2. When a fire is discovered in a patient’s room, what is the nurse’s priority action according
to the RACE acronym?
A. Rescue and remove the patient from danger
B. Activate the fire alarm system
C. Contain the fire by closing doors
,D. Extinguish the fire with a portable extinguisher
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The RACE acronym stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and
Extinguish. The first and most critical step is to ensure the safety of the individual in
immediate danger. Once the patient is moved to a safe location, the nurse can then proceed
to activate the alarm and contain the fire.
3. A nurse respects a patient’s decision to refuse a blood transfusion based on religious
beliefs. Which ethical principle is being applied?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own
healthcare decisions without coercion. By honoring the patient’s refusal, the nurse
acknowledges the patient’s independence and self-determination. This principle is
fundamental to providing patient-centered care and respecting individual rights.
4. During the assessment phase of the nursing process, which of the following is considered
subjective data?
A. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg
, B. A visible skin rash on the patient’s arm
C. An audible wheeze during lung auscultation
D. The patient’s report of a headache
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information that only the patient can
perceive and describe, such as pain or feelings. Objective data, on the other hand, is
observable and measurable by the healthcare provider through physical examination or
tests. In this case, the headache is a symptom reported by the patient that cannot be seen
by others.
5. Which communication technique is best for encouraging a patient to share more detailed
information about their condition?
A. Asking yes or no questions
B. Giving advice on what the patient should do
C. Using open-ended questions
D. Changing the subject frequently
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Open-ended questions require more than a one-word answer and
invite the patient to elaborate on their thoughts. This technique facilitates a deeper
BSN 225 HESI RN Specialty Fundamentals
of Nursing Exam | Nightingale
1. Which action is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of healthcare-
associated infections?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
C. Using a mask for all patient interactions
D. Performing consistent hand hygiene
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Hand hygiene is recognized as the primary intervention to break the
chain of infection. It involves using soap and water or alcohol-based rubs before and after
every patient contact. Consistently performing this simple task significantly reduces the
transmission of pathogens between patients and staff.
2. When a fire is discovered in a patient’s room, what is the nurse’s priority action according
to the RACE acronym?
A. Rescue and remove the patient from danger
B. Activate the fire alarm system
C. Contain the fire by closing doors
,D. Extinguish the fire with a portable extinguisher
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The RACE acronym stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and
Extinguish. The first and most critical step is to ensure the safety of the individual in
immediate danger. Once the patient is moved to a safe location, the nurse can then proceed
to activate the alarm and contain the fire.
3. A nurse respects a patient’s decision to refuse a blood transfusion based on religious
beliefs. Which ethical principle is being applied?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own
healthcare decisions without coercion. By honoring the patient’s refusal, the nurse
acknowledges the patient’s independence and self-determination. This principle is
fundamental to providing patient-centered care and respecting individual rights.
4. During the assessment phase of the nursing process, which of the following is considered
subjective data?
A. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg
, B. A visible skin rash on the patient’s arm
C. An audible wheeze during lung auscultation
D. The patient’s report of a headache
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information that only the patient can
perceive and describe, such as pain or feelings. Objective data, on the other hand, is
observable and measurable by the healthcare provider through physical examination or
tests. In this case, the headache is a symptom reported by the patient that cannot be seen
by others.
5. Which communication technique is best for encouraging a patient to share more detailed
information about their condition?
A. Asking yes or no questions
B. Giving advice on what the patient should do
C. Using open-ended questions
D. Changing the subject frequently
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Open-ended questions require more than a one-word answer and
invite the patient to elaborate on their thoughts. This technique facilitates a deeper
