1|Page
JMU HTH 423 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Authoritative Based ethics can be faith-based and can be ideological like
- Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, or Buddhist ethics.
......ANSWER......Karl Marx (Capitalism)
Determines the right thing to do on the basis of what an authority
figure has said
- To be effective, the claim must be a norm to everyone
- Is an important part of patient-centered care
- Provides insight into thinking of key players of healthcare provision
......ANSWER......Authority Based Ethics
The Natural Law Theory uses the traditions of whom?
......ANSWER......St. Thomas Aquinas
Nature order both rationally and in accordance with God's wisdom or
providence. The right thing to do is in accord with the providential
ordered nature of the world
Ex. Abortions, euthanasia, and social justice ......ANSWER......Natural
Law Theory
pg. 1
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1. The act must be good or at least morally neutral, independent of its
consequences
2. The agent intends only the good effects not the bad effects
3. The bad effect must not be a means to the good effect
4. The good effect must out weigh the bad effect ......ANSWER......The
Double Effect
Often invoked to explain allowing an action that causes a serious harm,
such as the death of human being, as a side effect of promoting some
good end ......ANSWER......The Double Effect Principle
Natural Law Theories are important because of the influence of ____
and the extent it drew on Aquinas as an early writer in the field of
ethics ......ANSWER......The Catholic Church
Who was responsible for the teleological theories?
......ANSWER......Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill
Considers the ethics of a decision to be dependent on the
consequences of the action. These theories are called consequentialism
- The basic idea to maximize the good of a situation
- Consequentialism/Utilitarianism ......ANSWER......Teleological Theories
The greatest good for the greatest number of people
......ANSWER......Stuart Mill's Focus
pg. 2
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Bentham was a ____ as such he did not stress who was the recipient of
the pleasure ......ANSWER......Hedonist
We should live by "rules" that in general are likely to lead to the
greatest good for the greatest number ......ANSWER......Rule
Consequentialism
The alleviation of suffering is more important than the maximization of
pleasure ......ANSWER......Negative Consequentialism
Actions are good if they maximize the satisfaction of preference or
desires, no matter what the preference may be for
Ex. Assisted end of life. Selling cigarettes ......ANSWER......Preference
Utilitarianism
Deontological theories find their origins in whom?
......ANSWER......Immanuel Kant
Deon is from Greek and means what? ......ANSWER......Duty
Could be called the science of determining our duties. Most authors
place the originator of this theory in extreme opposition against
consequentialism
- Humans have universal rational duties to one another
pg. 3
JMU HTH 423 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Authoritative Based ethics can be faith-based and can be ideological like
- Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, or Buddhist ethics.
......ANSWER......Karl Marx (Capitalism)
Determines the right thing to do on the basis of what an authority
figure has said
- To be effective, the claim must be a norm to everyone
- Is an important part of patient-centered care
- Provides insight into thinking of key players of healthcare provision
......ANSWER......Authority Based Ethics
The Natural Law Theory uses the traditions of whom?
......ANSWER......St. Thomas Aquinas
Nature order both rationally and in accordance with God's wisdom or
providence. The right thing to do is in accord with the providential
ordered nature of the world
Ex. Abortions, euthanasia, and social justice ......ANSWER......Natural
Law Theory
pg. 1
,2|Page
1. The act must be good or at least morally neutral, independent of its
consequences
2. The agent intends only the good effects not the bad effects
3. The bad effect must not be a means to the good effect
4. The good effect must out weigh the bad effect ......ANSWER......The
Double Effect
Often invoked to explain allowing an action that causes a serious harm,
such as the death of human being, as a side effect of promoting some
good end ......ANSWER......The Double Effect Principle
Natural Law Theories are important because of the influence of ____
and the extent it drew on Aquinas as an early writer in the field of
ethics ......ANSWER......The Catholic Church
Who was responsible for the teleological theories?
......ANSWER......Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill
Considers the ethics of a decision to be dependent on the
consequences of the action. These theories are called consequentialism
- The basic idea to maximize the good of a situation
- Consequentialism/Utilitarianism ......ANSWER......Teleological Theories
The greatest good for the greatest number of people
......ANSWER......Stuart Mill's Focus
pg. 2
, 3|Page
Bentham was a ____ as such he did not stress who was the recipient of
the pleasure ......ANSWER......Hedonist
We should live by "rules" that in general are likely to lead to the
greatest good for the greatest number ......ANSWER......Rule
Consequentialism
The alleviation of suffering is more important than the maximization of
pleasure ......ANSWER......Negative Consequentialism
Actions are good if they maximize the satisfaction of preference or
desires, no matter what the preference may be for
Ex. Assisted end of life. Selling cigarettes ......ANSWER......Preference
Utilitarianism
Deontological theories find their origins in whom?
......ANSWER......Immanuel Kant
Deon is from Greek and means what? ......ANSWER......Duty
Could be called the science of determining our duties. Most authors
place the originator of this theory in extreme opposition against
consequentialism
- Humans have universal rational duties to one another
pg. 3
