NUR 2063 Module 1-6 Review | Actual study complete Solutions | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates | 100% correct

MODULE 1-6 Review

Cellular/Fluid Regulation

Fluid Movement

1. Passive Transport
 No Energy Required
 Movement ↓ Concentration Gradient


Osmosis
 Water moves from low solute  high solute
 Driven mainly by sodium concentration



Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion
 Solutes move from high  low  Uses carrier protein
concentration  Still no ATP
 Example: O2 and CO2 exchange  Example: Glucose Transport




2. Active Transport
 Energy Required



Primary Active Transport Secondary Active Transport
 Uses ATP directly  Uses energy indirectly
 Example: Na+/K- Pump  Example: Sodium-glucose cotransport

, 3. Tonicity

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

 No net water movement  Water moves into cell  Water moves out of cell
 Cells stay the same size  Cells swell  Cells shrink




Electrolytes

Sodium Imbalances

Hyponatremia: ↓ Sodium Hypernatremia: ↑ Sodium
Water moves into cells  cellular swelling Water moves out of cells  cellular
dehydration
Etiology:
 Deficient sodium Etiology:
 Diuretic use  Dehydration
 Excessive sweating  Excess sweating
 Adrenal insufficiency  Diarrhea
 Excessive water  Diabetes Insipidus
 Hyperglycemia
 Renal failure Clinical Manifestations:
 SIADH  Dry mucous membranes
 Heart Failure  Irritability
 Muscle twitching
Clinical Manifestations:  Confusion
 Pulse changes  Seizures
 Edema
 Headache, Lethargy, Confusion
 Muscle Weakness, Cramping, Seizures
Nausea
 Anorexia
 Poor skin turgor