PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 5
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT VERIFIED
QUESTIONS ANSWERS ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS PACK
●● What are the levels of branching?
Answer: Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
●● Where is the site of gas exchange?
Answer: Alveoli
●● What cells are in the alveolar epithelium?
Answer: Type 1 and II alveolar cells, macrophages
●● Describe what happens during inspiration and expiration:
Answer: During inspiration, air is drawn into the lungs as the respiratory
muscles expand the chest cavity. During expiration, air moves out of the
lungs as the chest muscles relax and the chest cavity becomes smaller.
●● What occurs with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration
Answer: The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration. When the
diaphragm contracts (inspiration), the chest expands. Upon expiration,
the chest cavity decreases and pressure inside increases.
, ●● What is lung compliance? What factors affect it?
Answer: Lung compliance is the ease with which lungs can be inflated.
Elastin, collagen, elastic recoil, and surface tension can affect lung
compliance.
●● What is ventilation? Perfusion? Diffusion?
Answer: Ventilation is the movement of gases into and out of the lungs.
Perfusion is the process that allows blood flow to help facilitate gas
exchange. Diffusion is the movement of gases across the alveolar-
capillary membrane.
●● What is oxyhemoglobin?
Answer: Oxyhemoglobin is the term to describe when hemoglobin is
bound with oxygen.
●● What is affinity?
Answer: The ability of the hemoglobin molecule to bind oxygen in the
lungs and release it in the tissues depends on the affinity of the
molecule.
●● How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
Answer: As dissolved carbon dioxide, attached to hemoglobin, as
bicarbonate
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT VERIFIED
QUESTIONS ANSWERS ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS PACK
●● What are the levels of branching?
Answer: Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
●● Where is the site of gas exchange?
Answer: Alveoli
●● What cells are in the alveolar epithelium?
Answer: Type 1 and II alveolar cells, macrophages
●● Describe what happens during inspiration and expiration:
Answer: During inspiration, air is drawn into the lungs as the respiratory
muscles expand the chest cavity. During expiration, air moves out of the
lungs as the chest muscles relax and the chest cavity becomes smaller.
●● What occurs with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration
Answer: The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration. When the
diaphragm contracts (inspiration), the chest expands. Upon expiration,
the chest cavity decreases and pressure inside increases.
, ●● What is lung compliance? What factors affect it?
Answer: Lung compliance is the ease with which lungs can be inflated.
Elastin, collagen, elastic recoil, and surface tension can affect lung
compliance.
●● What is ventilation? Perfusion? Diffusion?
Answer: Ventilation is the movement of gases into and out of the lungs.
Perfusion is the process that allows blood flow to help facilitate gas
exchange. Diffusion is the movement of gases across the alveolar-
capillary membrane.
●● What is oxyhemoglobin?
Answer: Oxyhemoglobin is the term to describe when hemoglobin is
bound with oxygen.
●● What is affinity?
Answer: The ability of the hemoglobin molecule to bind oxygen in the
lungs and release it in the tissues depends on the affinity of the
molecule.
●● How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
Answer: As dissolved carbon dioxide, attached to hemoglobin, as
bicarbonate
