NSG 320 Exam #3 TOPIC 7: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Gastrointestinal
Disorders (GERD, PUD, IBD, Obstruction, Diverticulitis, Nutrition Support) |
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
Subject: Medical-Surgical Nursing / Gastrointestinal Disorders
Source: NSG 320 Exam #3 TOPIC 7 – Comprehensive Review
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale
1: What is the pathophysiology of GERD?
Correct Answer: Lower esophageal sphincter fails to close allowing stomach acid reflux.
1. Incompetent LES allows gastric contents to reflux into esophagus.
2. Esophageal mucosa is not protected against acid, leading to inflammation.
3. Chronic reflux can lead to Barrett esophagus (premalignant).
2: What are the major risk factors for GERD?
Correct Answer: Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, medications.
1. Obesity increases intra-abdominal pressure promoting reflux.
2. Pregnancy increases progesterone (relaxes LES).
3. Smoking decreases LES pressure and impairs salivation.
3: What are the complications of GERD?
Correct Answer: Barrett esophagus, respiratory infections, dental erosion.
1. Barrett esophagus is metaplasia of esophageal lining (premalignant for adenocarcinoma).
2. Aspiration of reflux can cause chronic cough, asthma, pneumonia.
3. Dental erosion from acid exposure to teeth.
4: What is the diagnostic test for GERD?
Correct Answer: Endoscopy with biopsy.
1. Upper endoscopy visualizes esophageal mucosa for erosions or Barrett's.
2. Biopsy confirms Barrett esophagus or malignancy.
3. pH monitoring can also be used for atypical symptoms.
5: What is the priority nursing intervention for GERD?
Correct Answer: Elevate HOB ≥30°.
1. Elevation uses gravity to prevent reflux.
2. Avoid lying flat for 2-3 hours after meals.
3. Wedge pillows are more effective than stacking regular pillows.
, 6: What dietary teaching is recommended for GERD?
Correct Answer: Avoid bedtime meals, trigger foods, alcohol.
1. Avoid meals 2-3 hours before bedtime.
2. Trigger foods: spicy, fatty foods, chocolate, caffeine, citrus.
3. Alcohol relaxes LES and increases acid secretion.
7: What is the pathophysiology of PUD?
Correct Answer: Erosion of GI mucosa from acid, H. pylori, or NSAIDs.
1. H. pylori is most common cause (60-80% of gastric ulcers).
2. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins that protect gastric mucosa.
3. Acid hypersecretion also contributes to ulcer formation.
8: When does gastric ulcer pain typically occur?
Correct Answer: 1-2 hours after eating.
1. Gastric ulcers cause pain after meals (food worsens pain).
2. Pain may be burning or gnawing in epigastric region.
3. Weight loss is common (fear of eating).
9: When does duodenal ulcer pain typically occur?
Correct Answer: 2-5 hours after eating.
1. Duodenal ulcers cause pain when stomach empty (food relieves pain).
2. Nighttime pain (2-3 AM) is characteristic.
3. Weight gain from eating to relieve pain.
10: What is the gold standard diagnostic test for PUD?
Correct Answer: Endoscopy with biopsy.
1. Direct visualization of ulcer and surrounding mucosa.
2. Biopsy for H. pylori and to rule out malignancy.
3. Upper GI series is alternative but less sensitive.
11: What are the complications of PUD?
Correct Answer: Bleeding, perforation, shock.
1. Bleeding presents with hematemesis or melena.
2. Perforation causes peritonitis (surgical emergency).p>
3. Hemorrhagic shock from acute blood loss.
Disorders (GERD, PUD, IBD, Obstruction, Diverticulitis, Nutrition Support) |
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
Subject: Medical-Surgical Nursing / Gastrointestinal Disorders
Source: NSG 320 Exam #3 TOPIC 7 – Comprehensive Review
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale
1: What is the pathophysiology of GERD?
Correct Answer: Lower esophageal sphincter fails to close allowing stomach acid reflux.
1. Incompetent LES allows gastric contents to reflux into esophagus.
2. Esophageal mucosa is not protected against acid, leading to inflammation.
3. Chronic reflux can lead to Barrett esophagus (premalignant).
2: What are the major risk factors for GERD?
Correct Answer: Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, medications.
1. Obesity increases intra-abdominal pressure promoting reflux.
2. Pregnancy increases progesterone (relaxes LES).
3. Smoking decreases LES pressure and impairs salivation.
3: What are the complications of GERD?
Correct Answer: Barrett esophagus, respiratory infections, dental erosion.
1. Barrett esophagus is metaplasia of esophageal lining (premalignant for adenocarcinoma).
2. Aspiration of reflux can cause chronic cough, asthma, pneumonia.
3. Dental erosion from acid exposure to teeth.
4: What is the diagnostic test for GERD?
Correct Answer: Endoscopy with biopsy.
1. Upper endoscopy visualizes esophageal mucosa for erosions or Barrett's.
2. Biopsy confirms Barrett esophagus or malignancy.
3. pH monitoring can also be used for atypical symptoms.
5: What is the priority nursing intervention for GERD?
Correct Answer: Elevate HOB ≥30°.
1. Elevation uses gravity to prevent reflux.
2. Avoid lying flat for 2-3 hours after meals.
3. Wedge pillows are more effective than stacking regular pillows.
, 6: What dietary teaching is recommended for GERD?
Correct Answer: Avoid bedtime meals, trigger foods, alcohol.
1. Avoid meals 2-3 hours before bedtime.
2. Trigger foods: spicy, fatty foods, chocolate, caffeine, citrus.
3. Alcohol relaxes LES and increases acid secretion.
7: What is the pathophysiology of PUD?
Correct Answer: Erosion of GI mucosa from acid, H. pylori, or NSAIDs.
1. H. pylori is most common cause (60-80% of gastric ulcers).
2. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins that protect gastric mucosa.
3. Acid hypersecretion also contributes to ulcer formation.
8: When does gastric ulcer pain typically occur?
Correct Answer: 1-2 hours after eating.
1. Gastric ulcers cause pain after meals (food worsens pain).
2. Pain may be burning or gnawing in epigastric region.
3. Weight loss is common (fear of eating).
9: When does duodenal ulcer pain typically occur?
Correct Answer: 2-5 hours after eating.
1. Duodenal ulcers cause pain when stomach empty (food relieves pain).
2. Nighttime pain (2-3 AM) is characteristic.
3. Weight gain from eating to relieve pain.
10: What is the gold standard diagnostic test for PUD?
Correct Answer: Endoscopy with biopsy.
1. Direct visualization of ulcer and surrounding mucosa.
2. Biopsy for H. pylori and to rule out malignancy.
3. Upper GI series is alternative but less sensitive.
11: What are the complications of PUD?
Correct Answer: Bleeding, perforation, shock.
1. Bleeding presents with hematemesis or melena.
2. Perforation causes peritonitis (surgical emergency).p>
3. Hemorrhagic shock from acute blood loss.
