PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 9
ACTUAL TEST BANK QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS PREMIUM
STUDY RESOURCE
●● What are the different structural types of hormones?
Answer: (1) amines and amino acids; (2) peptides and proteins; and (3)
steroids, which are made from cholesterol
●● What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Answer: The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the
endocrine system. It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger,
behavior, emotion, and pain. The hypothalamus produces releasing
hormones, which stimulate the pituitary to release stimulating hormones.
●● What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Answer: The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland," since it
stimulates target organs to secrete their hormones.
●● Explain the concept of negative feedback and give an example:
Answer: Negative feedback is how the body maintains homeostasis, or
equilibrium. The brain is constantly monitoring hormone levels to keep
levels within its certain range or set-point. Negative feedback prevents
over-secretion of any hormone. The action of ADH, which dilutes the
, blood, is one example. Once the blood is dilute, the hypothalamus
detects the dilute levels and stops releasing ADH.
●● Explain the concept of positive feedback and give an example:
Answer: Positive feedback enhances or increases the amount of the
hormone that is released. One example is oxytocin, a hormone that
causes the uterus to contract. The action of the uterus contracting causes
more oxytocin to be released.
●● Explain the ways in which hormones can be over-secreted:
Answer: Increased hormone secretion can occur from any of the
following reasons: (1) the target gland over-secretes due to pathology;
(2) the pituitary or hypothalamus over-stimulates the target gland; (3)
hormones are being produced from a different site (i.e. hormone
producing tumor); (4) hyperactive genetic mutation of the target
hormone receptors.
●● How does decreased hormone secretion occur?
Answer: Decreased hormone secretion can occur from any of the
following reasons: (1) a congenital or acquired disorder of the target
gland; (2) the pituitary does not secrete enough stimulating hormone; (3)
the hypothalamus does not secrete enough releasing hormone; (4) the
hormone is defective; (5) the receptors of the target organ do not
respond.
●● Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by what ways?
ACTUAL TEST BANK QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS PREMIUM
STUDY RESOURCE
●● What are the different structural types of hormones?
Answer: (1) amines and amino acids; (2) peptides and proteins; and (3)
steroids, which are made from cholesterol
●● What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Answer: The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the
endocrine system. It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger,
behavior, emotion, and pain. The hypothalamus produces releasing
hormones, which stimulate the pituitary to release stimulating hormones.
●● What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Answer: The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland," since it
stimulates target organs to secrete their hormones.
●● Explain the concept of negative feedback and give an example:
Answer: Negative feedback is how the body maintains homeostasis, or
equilibrium. The brain is constantly monitoring hormone levels to keep
levels within its certain range or set-point. Negative feedback prevents
over-secretion of any hormone. The action of ADH, which dilutes the
, blood, is one example. Once the blood is dilute, the hypothalamus
detects the dilute levels and stops releasing ADH.
●● Explain the concept of positive feedback and give an example:
Answer: Positive feedback enhances or increases the amount of the
hormone that is released. One example is oxytocin, a hormone that
causes the uterus to contract. The action of the uterus contracting causes
more oxytocin to be released.
●● Explain the ways in which hormones can be over-secreted:
Answer: Increased hormone secretion can occur from any of the
following reasons: (1) the target gland over-secretes due to pathology;
(2) the pituitary or hypothalamus over-stimulates the target gland; (3)
hormones are being produced from a different site (i.e. hormone
producing tumor); (4) hyperactive genetic mutation of the target
hormone receptors.
●● How does decreased hormone secretion occur?
Answer: Decreased hormone secretion can occur from any of the
following reasons: (1) a congenital or acquired disorder of the target
gland; (2) the pituitary does not secrete enough stimulating hormone; (3)
the hypothalamus does not secrete enough releasing hormone; (4) the
hormone is defective; (5) the receptors of the target organ do not
respond.
●● Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by what ways?
