Microbiology Final UPDATE|EXAM QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE CHOICES |VERIFIED & REVISED ANSWERS (NEW)!!!

Microbiology Final UPDATE|EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE
CHOICES |VERIFIED & REVISED
ANSWERS (NEW)!!!
1. FeaturesmofmClostridiumm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-mFree-livingmsaprophytes
- Sporemformers
- Anaerobic
- Nearlymalwaysmmotile
- Toxigenic



2. ClostridiummPerfringensm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-mEnterotoxigenicmClostridia
- Fivemtypesm(A-E)
- Alpha-Majormtoxinm(lecithinase)m
- Beta-necrosismofmintestine
- Epsilonmnecrotising,mneurotoxic



3. EnterotoxaemiamofmSheepmFeaturesm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mClostridiummPerfringensmtypemD


- MostlymsecretemEpsilonmtoxin
- Suddenmonsetmcausingmconvulsionsmandmcoma



4. Epsilonmtoxinm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmAnminertmprototoxinmactivatedmbymtrypsinmwhichmproducesmheatmstab


lemtoxinmandmcausesmthemnecrosismofmintestines.



5. EnterotoxaemiamofmSheepmPathogenesism-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mPresentminmgut,mtoxinmismactivatedmbymtrypsin


- Sheepmhighlymresistantmtomtoxin
- Causedmbymamchangeminmdietmsuchmasmroughagemtomconcentratemormlushmpasture
- Hugemamountsmofmtoxinmproduced
- Affectsmintestinalmpermeability
- Damagesmbloodmvesselsmofmbrainmandmkidney

,6. EnterotoxaemiamofmSheepmClinicalmSignsm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-mExcessmpericardialmfluid
- Glucosuria
- Subendothelialmhaemorrhage



7. EnterotoxaemiamofmRabbitsmPathogenesism-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mCausedmbymClostridiummspiriforme


- Similarmpathogenesismtomsheep
- Post-weaningm50%mmortality
- Rapidmdeathm24-48mhrs
- Bandsmofmhyperaemiam(caecum)
- Allmdietmrelated



8. EnterotoxaemiamofmRabbitsmControlmandmTreatmentm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mAntibioticsme.g.moralmpenicillin


- Themcorrectmdietmtomreducemincidence.



9. ClostridiummtetanimEpidemiologym-mCORRECTmANSWERm-mWorldwidemdistribution
- Partmofmnormalmsoilmflora
- Inoculationmintomwound
- Growthmundermanaerobicmconditions
- Liberationmofmtoxin
- Highlymlethalm
- Hostsmdifferminmsusceptibility
- Humans,mhorses,mcattlemandmsheep,mdogs
- Catsmandmpoultrymrelativelymimmune



10. ClostridiummtetanimVirulencemFactorsm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mHaemolysinmcausingmlocalmtissuemdamage


- Tetanospasminmasmamneurotoxin



11. ClostridiummtetanimPathogenesism-mCORRECTmANSWERm-mSporesminmpenetratingmwound

, - Germinationmandmtoxinmproductionm(generalisedmtetanusmandmlocalisedmtetanusmp
ossible)
- Bindsmirreversiblymtomgangliosidesm
1) Blocksminhibitorymtransmitters.
2) Rigidm(tetanicmparalysis)
- Respiratorymandmcardiacmparalysismcausingm50%mmortalitymandmdifficultmtomtreat



12. ClostridiummtetanimClinicalmSignsm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-mRigidmparalysis
- Hyperaesthesia
- Headmandmneckmlockjaw/stiffness,mspasms,mtetanicmconvulsionsmandmopisthotonus



13. ClostridiummtetanimTreatmentm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmReliesmonmearlymdiagnosismbeforemlethalmamount.m


14. Aimedmat:
- Debridementmofmwound
- Neutralisationmofmfreemtoxin
- Toxoidmadministration
- Supportivemtreatment



15. ClostridiummtetanimPreventionm-mCORRECTmANSWERmCompletelympreventable.
- Administermantitoxinm(antibodiesmagainstmthemtoxin)
- 2mtoxoidminjectionsmintramuscular
- Boosterminmonemyear
- Boostermeverymfivemyears



16. ClostridiummbotulinummEpidemiologym-
mCORRECTmANSWERmEightmtypesm(differentmtoxinsmA-G)


- Animals:mC,mDmandmrestmhuman
17. Highlymresistantmspores.m
- Boilingm>m10mminutesm
18. Rarelymamwoundminfectionmandmtoxinmismoftenmingested.m
19. Infantmbotulismmduemtomingestionmofmspores.

, 20. Clostridiummbotulinummtoxinm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mActsmperipherallymatmneuromuscularmjunction


- Preventsmreleasemofmacetylcholinemfrommsynapse
- Symmetric,mascendingmflaccidmparalysism(cannotmmovemormbreathe)
- Mostmpotentmtoxinmknownm
- Autolysismofmbacteriamcausesmreleasemofmtoxin
21. Botoxmismdilutedmbotulismmtoxinmusedmformcosmeticmsurgery.



22. Botulismminmhorsesm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-m90%mmortalityminmfoals,m70%minmadults
- TypesmA-C
- Musclemweakness,mdysphagia,mrapidmonset
- Ingestionmofmcontaminatedmhaymwithmtoxin
- Woundmcontaminationmpossible,mespeciallymumbilicus



23. Botulismmepidemiologyminmwildmbirdsm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mSummermcausesmmassivemkillingsminmwetlands


- Predisposingmfactorsmincludemacidity,msalinitymandmtemperature
- Maggotsmfeedmonmcarcassmandmaremingestedmbymothermbirds



24. Diagnosis,mTreatmentmandmPreventionmofmClostridiummbotulismm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-
mToxinmELISA


- Treatmentmdifficultmasmantitoxinmexpensivemandmonlymbindsmfreemtoxin
- VaccinemavailablemformtypesmBmandmCmandmismhighlymefficacious



25. Mycobacteriumm-mCORRECTmANSWERm-mHighlyminfectiousm(aerosolmormingestion)
- Slowmgrowingm(chronicminfection)mwithmlongmperiodmofminfectivity
- Intracellularm(engulfedmbymmacrophages)
- Widemvarietymofmreservoirs
- Glycolipidsmusedmtomstainmandmcellmwallmusedmasmvaccinemadjuvent



26. Mycobacteriummvirulencemfactorsm-mCORRECTmANSWERmThickmcellmwall
- preventsmopsonisation
- poorlymantigenicm(humoral)