NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CHAMBERLAIN CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION TEST 2026 FULL SOLVED
QUESTIONS ACCURATE GRADED A+
⩥ Pathophysiology of asthma (5).
Answer: -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth
muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
⩥ Bronchioles.
Answer: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
⩥ 3 layers of the bronchioles.
Answer: innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
,⩥ lamina propria.
Answer: the middle layer of the bronchioles
⩥ structure of the lamina propria.
Answer: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
⩥ purpose of the lamina propria.
Answer: white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
⩥ How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma.
Answer: the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an
inflammatory response that damages host tissue
⩥ What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain.
Answer: columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
⩥ What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain.
Answer: smooth muscle cells
⩥ what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do.
Answer: control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
,⩥ alveolar hyperinflation.
Answer: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
⩥ how does hyperinflation occur?.
Answer: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus
and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
⩥ Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar.
Answer: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
⩥ What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma.
Answer: tiotropium and ipratropium
⩥ What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?.
Answer: These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system
- increasing bronchodilation
⩥ MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma.
, Answer: the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to
release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding
preventing the bronchial constriction
⩥ bronchitis.
Answer: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
⩥ 3 characteristics of bronchitis.
Answer: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
⩥ Perfusion.
Answer: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the
capillaries.
⩥ results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion.
Answer: cyanosis
right to left shunting
CHAMBERLAIN CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION TEST 2026 FULL SOLVED
QUESTIONS ACCURATE GRADED A+
⩥ Pathophysiology of asthma (5).
Answer: -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth
muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
⩥ Bronchioles.
Answer: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
⩥ 3 layers of the bronchioles.
Answer: innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
,⩥ lamina propria.
Answer: the middle layer of the bronchioles
⩥ structure of the lamina propria.
Answer: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
⩥ purpose of the lamina propria.
Answer: white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
⩥ How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma.
Answer: the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an
inflammatory response that damages host tissue
⩥ What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain.
Answer: columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
⩥ What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain.
Answer: smooth muscle cells
⩥ what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do.
Answer: control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
,⩥ alveolar hyperinflation.
Answer: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
⩥ how does hyperinflation occur?.
Answer: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus
and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
⩥ Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar.
Answer: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
⩥ What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma.
Answer: tiotropium and ipratropium
⩥ What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?.
Answer: These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system
- increasing bronchodilation
⩥ MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma.
, Answer: the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to
release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding
preventing the bronchial constriction
⩥ bronchitis.
Answer: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
⩥ 3 characteristics of bronchitis.
Answer: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
⩥ Perfusion.
Answer: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the
capillaries.
⩥ results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion.
Answer: cyanosis
right to left shunting
