2
Orthotic CPM Exam - Oral Questions EXAM fully || || || || || || || ||
solved & updated 2026-2027 (latest version || || || || || ||
verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) || || || || || ||
Solved 100% Correct!! || ||
Which muscle group is most likely affected if you observe a patient with a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
shortened step on the sound side (assuming the patient is unilaterally
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
involved)? - ✔✔plantarflexors || ||
What type of AFO would you use for a patient with a tibial nerve lesion? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Plantarflexion free, dorsiflexion stop || || ||
A patient exhibits hallux rigidus, at which part of stance phase will the patient
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
have the most discomfort? - ✔✔Late stance phase
|| || || || || || ||
What does the term foot progression angle refer to? - ✔✔Relationship between
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
line of progression and long axis of foot
|| || || || || || ||
At which joint and in which plane does the motion of inversion and eversion
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
occur? - ✔✔Subtalar (or talocalcaneonavicular) joint, coronal plane
|| || || || || || ||
What motion and at what phase of gait does a cushioned heel simulate? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔plantarflexion at heel strike, initial contact || || || || ||
,2
Injury to which nerve presents as paralytic equinus during swing phase? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔common peroneal nerve || ||
If the ankle is 90 degrees at initial contact, what type of moment do you have at
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the knee? - ✔✔Knee flexion moment
|| || || || ||
If the ankle is in 3 degrees of plantarflexion at midstance, what type of moment
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
do you have at the knee? - ✔✔knee extension moment
|| || || || || || || || ||
During which phase of gait does the ankle achieve the greatest amount of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dorsiflexion in a healthy individual which normal ROM and muscle
|| || || || || || || || || ||
functionality? - ✔✔terminal stance || || ||
Which ligament maintains the medial arch? - ✔✔spring ligament
|| || || || || || || || ||
(plantarcalcanealnavicular ligament) ||
What percentage of the gait cycle is spent in double limb support? - ✔✔20%
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The dorsiflexion stop performs the function of which muscle? -
|| || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔gastricnemius/soleus
The functions of the tibialis anterior muscles are? - ✔✔dorsiflexion and
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
inversion
What moment at the knee is created in stance phase of gait in a solid
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thermoplastic AFO set to neutral with a rigid full length footplate? Additionally,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
where in stance would be this most noticed by the patient? - ✔✔increase the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
knee extension moment, terminal stance
|| || || ||
Crouch gait pattern presentation - ✔✔flexed hips, flexed knees, dorsiflexed
|| || || || || || || || || ||
ankles
A single gait cycle defined as? - ✔✔Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ipsilateral side ||
How can you prevent a knee orthosis from migrating down? -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Supracondylar wedge, suprapatellar strap, attach a footplate, lightweight || || || || || || || ||
belt
What adjustment to a metal AFO would best accommodate excessive tibial
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
torsion? - ✔✔deflection of sidebars || || || ||
Patient reports pain and redness at the medial malleolus upon weight bearing
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
which worsens with ambulation - what adjustments would you make? - ✔✔-
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
does patient have adequate clearance at medial joint space?
|| || || || || || || ||
-addition of pad in medial longitudinal arch/proximal to the medial malleolus
|| || || || || || || || || ||
-dynamic slotted medial instep strap to provide valgus correction intrinsic
|| || || || || || || || || ||
medial heel post || ||
If you have a total contact UCBL intrinsically, but you still have calcaneal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
valgus, what modifications do you need to make? - ✔✔add extrinsic medial
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
wedge
, 2
Patient was fit one week ago with a solid ankle AFO and reports that they feel
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
like their knee flexes rapidly at heel strike. What adjustment do you make? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔addition of shoe with cushioned heel || || || || ||
Patient presents to your office for an adjustment to their articulated AFO - they
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
state that they are having pain in the posterior compartment of the knee with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prolonged standing or ambulation. Upon ambulating, you notice a significant
|| || || || || || || || || ||
knee extension moment. What adjustments do you make? What do you need to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
consider prior to making adjustments? - ✔✔-heel lift to decrease knee
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
extension moment ||
-adjust double action joints if available
|| || || || || ||
-adjust plantarflexion stop || || ||
-NEED TO CONSIDER QUADRICEPS STRENGTH - IS KAFO NEEDED?
|| || || || || || || ||
You have fit a patient with thermoplastic AFO, free DF/PF stop. The ankle is set
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
at neutral. During ambulation the patient complains of pressure on the
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
navicular and the lateral aspect of the foot, proximal to the fifth metatarsal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
head. What might be wrong with the orthosis? - ✔✔inadequate dorsiflexion
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
range, patient collapsing at midfoot and forefoot abducting
|| || || || || || ||
Patient presents to clinic and complains that their orthosis is tight at the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
proximal calf area. Patient states they have been swollen and have experienced
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
tingling and numbness in the foot. What adjustments might need to be made? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔-Check clearance distal to fibular head for impingement on peroneal nerve|| || || || || || || || || ||
-flare and expand calf to accommodate for swelling
|| || || || || || ||
Orthotic CPM Exam - Oral Questions EXAM fully || || || || || || || ||
solved & updated 2026-2027 (latest version || || || || || ||
verified for accuracy) (Questions + Answers) || || || || || ||
Solved 100% Correct!! || ||
Which muscle group is most likely affected if you observe a patient with a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
shortened step on the sound side (assuming the patient is unilaterally
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
involved)? - ✔✔plantarflexors || ||
What type of AFO would you use for a patient with a tibial nerve lesion? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Plantarflexion free, dorsiflexion stop || || ||
A patient exhibits hallux rigidus, at which part of stance phase will the patient
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
have the most discomfort? - ✔✔Late stance phase
|| || || || || || ||
What does the term foot progression angle refer to? - ✔✔Relationship between
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
line of progression and long axis of foot
|| || || || || || ||
At which joint and in which plane does the motion of inversion and eversion
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
occur? - ✔✔Subtalar (or talocalcaneonavicular) joint, coronal plane
|| || || || || || ||
What motion and at what phase of gait does a cushioned heel simulate? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔plantarflexion at heel strike, initial contact || || || || ||
,2
Injury to which nerve presents as paralytic equinus during swing phase? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔common peroneal nerve || ||
If the ankle is 90 degrees at initial contact, what type of moment do you have at
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the knee? - ✔✔Knee flexion moment
|| || || || ||
If the ankle is in 3 degrees of plantarflexion at midstance, what type of moment
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
do you have at the knee? - ✔✔knee extension moment
|| || || || || || || || ||
During which phase of gait does the ankle achieve the greatest amount of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dorsiflexion in a healthy individual which normal ROM and muscle
|| || || || || || || || || ||
functionality? - ✔✔terminal stance || || ||
Which ligament maintains the medial arch? - ✔✔spring ligament
|| || || || || || || || ||
(plantarcalcanealnavicular ligament) ||
What percentage of the gait cycle is spent in double limb support? - ✔✔20%
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The dorsiflexion stop performs the function of which muscle? -
|| || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔gastricnemius/soleus
The functions of the tibialis anterior muscles are? - ✔✔dorsiflexion and
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
inversion
What moment at the knee is created in stance phase of gait in a solid
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thermoplastic AFO set to neutral with a rigid full length footplate? Additionally,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
where in stance would be this most noticed by the patient? - ✔✔increase the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
knee extension moment, terminal stance
|| || || ||
Crouch gait pattern presentation - ✔✔flexed hips, flexed knees, dorsiflexed
|| || || || || || || || || ||
ankles
A single gait cycle defined as? - ✔✔Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ipsilateral side ||
How can you prevent a knee orthosis from migrating down? -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Supracondylar wedge, suprapatellar strap, attach a footplate, lightweight || || || || || || || ||
belt
What adjustment to a metal AFO would best accommodate excessive tibial
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
torsion? - ✔✔deflection of sidebars || || || ||
Patient reports pain and redness at the medial malleolus upon weight bearing
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
which worsens with ambulation - what adjustments would you make? - ✔✔-
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
does patient have adequate clearance at medial joint space?
|| || || || || || || ||
-addition of pad in medial longitudinal arch/proximal to the medial malleolus
|| || || || || || || || || ||
-dynamic slotted medial instep strap to provide valgus correction intrinsic
|| || || || || || || || || ||
medial heel post || ||
If you have a total contact UCBL intrinsically, but you still have calcaneal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
valgus, what modifications do you need to make? - ✔✔add extrinsic medial
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
wedge
, 2
Patient was fit one week ago with a solid ankle AFO and reports that they feel
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
like their knee flexes rapidly at heel strike. What adjustment do you make? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔addition of shoe with cushioned heel || || || || ||
Patient presents to your office for an adjustment to their articulated AFO - they
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
state that they are having pain in the posterior compartment of the knee with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
prolonged standing or ambulation. Upon ambulating, you notice a significant
|| || || || || || || || || ||
knee extension moment. What adjustments do you make? What do you need to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
consider prior to making adjustments? - ✔✔-heel lift to decrease knee
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
extension moment ||
-adjust double action joints if available
|| || || || || ||
-adjust plantarflexion stop || || ||
-NEED TO CONSIDER QUADRICEPS STRENGTH - IS KAFO NEEDED?
|| || || || || || || ||
You have fit a patient with thermoplastic AFO, free DF/PF stop. The ankle is set
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
at neutral. During ambulation the patient complains of pressure on the
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
navicular and the lateral aspect of the foot, proximal to the fifth metatarsal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
head. What might be wrong with the orthosis? - ✔✔inadequate dorsiflexion
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
range, patient collapsing at midfoot and forefoot abducting
|| || || || || || ||
Patient presents to clinic and complains that their orthosis is tight at the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
proximal calf area. Patient states they have been swollen and have experienced
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
tingling and numbness in the foot. What adjustments might need to be made? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔-Check clearance distal to fibular head for impingement on peroneal nerve|| || || || || || || || || ||
-flare and expand calf to accommodate for swelling
|| || || || || || ||
