NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 3: Lecturio Cardiovascular Quiz – Practice Questions & Rationales

Lecturio Cardiovascular Quiz Week 3

Blood vessels, arteries, veins, and hypertension
1. What is the name of the innermost layer of all blood vessels?
○ Tunica adventitia
○ Tunica media
○ Internal elastic membrane
○ Tunica intima
○ External elastic membrane
2. Which statement correctly describes the vessel layer?
○ Media - the single layer of cells that is directly adjacent to blood flow
○ External elastic membrane - the major muscular component of both veins and arteries
○ Adventitia - loose connective tissue that contains nerve fibers and the vasa vasorum
○ Endothelium - circular muscle layer that aids in vasoconstriction
○ Intima - all vessels have the same gene expression profile for this layer
3. What is one of the major differences between arteries and veins seen on microscopy?
○ The capacitance of the arterial lumen is greater.
○ The amount of tissue in each layer is greater in arteries.
○ The tunica media of arteries is not as well organized as the tunica media of veins.
○ Veins have two main layers, while arteries have three.
4. How does the structure of the media contribute to the functions of the arterial and venous
systems?
○ It allows the arterial system to be a low-pressure system and the venous system to be a low- capacitance
system.
○ It allows the arterial system to be a low-pressure system and the venous system to be a high-capacitance
system.
○ It allows the arterial system to be a high-pressure system and the venous system to be a high-
capacitance system.
○ It allows the arterial system to be a high-pressure system and the venous system to be a low- capacitance
system.
○ It allows the arterial system to be a high-capacitance system and the venous system to be a high-pressure
system.
5. Which statement concerning angiotensin II is correct?
○ It increases parasympathetic nervous system activity.
○ It causes vasodilatation.
○ It decreases the ADH level.
○ It increases Na+ and Cl- reabsorption.
○ It decreases K+ excretion.
6. Which of the following conditions causes hypertension because of increased growth hormone
levels?
○ Hyperthyroidism
○ Cushing syndrome
○ Hypothyroidism
○ Renal artery stenosis
○ Acromegaly
7. Which of the following is a cardiovascular cause of hypertension?
○ Renin-secreting tumor
○ Hyperthyroidism
○ Acromegaly

, ○ Pregnancy
○ Coarctation of the aorta
8. Which of the following is the respiratory cause of hypertension?
○ Acromegaly
○ Primary hyperaldosteronism
○ Sleep apnea
○ The rigidity of the aorta
○ Polyarteritis nodosa
9. Why is it necessary for the arterial system to be responsive to neural and hormonal stimuli?
○ It allows the arterial system to contain a majority of the blood as it returns to the heart.
○ It allows the arterial system to facilitate the closing of the tricuspid valve.
○ It allows the arterial system to contain a majority of the blood volume as it is pumped from the heart.
○ It allows the arterial system to regulate blood pressure and flow.
○ It allows the arterial system to increase resistance in the aorta.
10. Which components of the vascular tree regulate gas exchange?
○ Arterioles
○ Lymphatics
○ Venules
○ Capillaries
○ Arteries
11. The structure and function of which of the following are correctly paired?
○ Aorta - conductance
○ Arterioles - diffusion
○ Capillaries - capacitance
○ Venules - distribution
○ Veins - resistance
12. Where in the vascular tree is the greatest increase in smooth muscle contraction seen with
hypertension?
○ Large arteries
○ Capillaries
○ Large veins
○ Arterioles
○ Venules
13. Which layer of an artery is composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue?
○ Endothelium
○ Media
○ Basal membrane
○ Lumen
○ Adventitia
14. Which of the following is an intrinsic factor that affects venous return to the heart?
○ External compression
○ Gravity
○ Atmospheric pressure
○ Musculovenous pump
○ High altitude
15. Which of the following is an extrinsic factor that affects venous return to the heart?
○ Gravity
○ Abdominothoracic pump