NEUROSCIENTIFIC BASIS AND PRACTICAL
APPLICATIONS PRACTICE EXAM 2026
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS
◉ dualism. Answer: view proposed by Descartes that the MIND is
subject only to spiritual interactions while the BODY is subjected
only to material interactions
◉ neurons and glial cells. Answer: the nervous system is comprised
of 2 major cell types
◉ neuron. Answer: basic unit of the nervous system each comprised
of a cell body, receptive extensions (dendrites), and transmitting
extensions (axons)
◉ glial cell. Answer: brain cell that provides structural, nutritional,
and other types of support
◉ synapse. Answer: tiny gap between neurons where information is
passed from one to another
◉ input zone. Answer: comprised of dendrites (cellular extensions
that receive information)
,◉ integration zone. Answer: cell body integrates information
◉ conduction zone. Answer: comprised of an axon (single extension
from the cell that carries action potentials from the cell body to
other neurons)
◉ output zone. Answer: comprised of AXON TERMINALS that convey
the neurons actively across the synapse to other cells
◉ axon collateral. Answer: branch of an axon from a single neuron
◉ presynaptic membrane. Answer: transmits information from the
presynaptic neuron by releasing neurotransmitters
◉ synaptic cleft. Answer: space between presynaptic and post
synaptic information
◉ post synaptic membrane. Answer: receives information from the
presynaptic neuron
◉ electrical. Answer: anything within a cell
, ◉ chemical. Answer: anything between a cell
◉ synaptic vesicles. Answer: tiny spheres that contain
neurotransmitters
◉ neurotransmitter. Answer: chemical released from the
presynaptic neuron that serves as a form of communication between
cells
◉ receptor. Answer: specialized proteins that react to
neurotransmitters (they can be both pre and post synaptic)
◉ dendritic spines. Answer: studded areas on the postsynaptic
neuron that increase their surface area
◉ astrocyte. Answer: star-shaped glial cell with numerous processes
(extensions) that run in all directions
◉ microglial cells. Answer: glial cell that removes debris from
injured cells
◉ oliodendrocytes. Answer: type of glial that forms myelin sheath in
the central nervous system (brain and spine)
APPLICATIONS PRACTICE EXAM 2026
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS
◉ dualism. Answer: view proposed by Descartes that the MIND is
subject only to spiritual interactions while the BODY is subjected
only to material interactions
◉ neurons and glial cells. Answer: the nervous system is comprised
of 2 major cell types
◉ neuron. Answer: basic unit of the nervous system each comprised
of a cell body, receptive extensions (dendrites), and transmitting
extensions (axons)
◉ glial cell. Answer: brain cell that provides structural, nutritional,
and other types of support
◉ synapse. Answer: tiny gap between neurons where information is
passed from one to another
◉ input zone. Answer: comprised of dendrites (cellular extensions
that receive information)
,◉ integration zone. Answer: cell body integrates information
◉ conduction zone. Answer: comprised of an axon (single extension
from the cell that carries action potentials from the cell body to
other neurons)
◉ output zone. Answer: comprised of AXON TERMINALS that convey
the neurons actively across the synapse to other cells
◉ axon collateral. Answer: branch of an axon from a single neuron
◉ presynaptic membrane. Answer: transmits information from the
presynaptic neuron by releasing neurotransmitters
◉ synaptic cleft. Answer: space between presynaptic and post
synaptic information
◉ post synaptic membrane. Answer: receives information from the
presynaptic neuron
◉ electrical. Answer: anything within a cell
, ◉ chemical. Answer: anything between a cell
◉ synaptic vesicles. Answer: tiny spheres that contain
neurotransmitters
◉ neurotransmitter. Answer: chemical released from the
presynaptic neuron that serves as a form of communication between
cells
◉ receptor. Answer: specialized proteins that react to
neurotransmitters (they can be both pre and post synaptic)
◉ dendritic spines. Answer: studded areas on the postsynaptic
neuron that increase their surface area
◉ astrocyte. Answer: star-shaped glial cell with numerous processes
(extensions) that run in all directions
◉ microglial cells. Answer: glial cell that removes debris from
injured cells
◉ oliodendrocytes. Answer: type of glial that forms myelin sheath in
the central nervous system (brain and spine)
