UNIT 1 – EVOLUTION 27.2: diversity of large animals increased dramatically during “Cambrian
CH1: INTRO: EVOLUTION & FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY Explosion”
1.1: they study of life reveals unifying themes 27.3: diverse animal groups radiated in aquatic environments
1.3: in studying nature, scientists form & test hypotheses 27.4: vertebrates have been the ocean’s dominant predators for more than
CH19: DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION 400 mya
19.1: Darwinian revo challenged traditional views of a young Earth inhabited 27.5: several animal groups had features facilitating their colonization of
by unchanging species land
19.2: descent w/modification by natural selection explains adaptations of 27.6: amniotes have key adaptations for life in a wdie range of terrestrial
organisms & unity & diversity of life environments
19.3: evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific 27.7: animals have transformed ecosystems & altered the course of
evidence evolution
CH21: THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS CH32: INTERNAL ENVIORNMENTS OF ANIMALS: ORGANIZATION &
21.1: genetic variation makes evolution possible REGULATION
21.2: Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to test whether a population is 32.1: animal form & function are correlated at all levels of organization
evolving 32.3: feedback control maintains internal enviornment in many animals
21.3: natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow can alter allele frequencies in 32.4: shared system mediates osmoregulation & excretion in many animals
a population CH33: ANIMAL NUTRITION
21.4: natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes 33.1: animal’s diet must supply chemical energy, organic building blocks,
adaptive evolution essential nutrients
CH22: THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES 33.2: food processing involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
22.1: the biological species concept emphasizes reproductive isolation 33.3: organs specialized for sequential stages of food processing from
22.2: speciation can take place w or w/o geographic separation mammalian digestive system
UNIT 2 – BIODIVERSITY CH34: CIIRCULATION & GAS EXCHANGE
CH20: PHYLOGENY 34.1: circulatory systems link exchange surfaces w/cells throughout the body
20.1: phylogenies show evolutionary relationships 34.5: gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces
20.3: shared characters are used to construct phylogenetic trees 34.6: breathing ventilates the lungs
20.5: new info continues to revise our understanding of evolutionary history CH35: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
CH23: BROAD PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION 35.1: in innate immunity, recognition & response rely on traits common to
23.1: fossil record documents life’s history groups of pathogens
CH24: EARLY LIFE & DIVERSIFICATION OF PROKARYOTES 35.2: in adaptive immunity, receptors provide pathogen-specific recognition
24.1: conditions on early Earth made origin of life possible 35.3: adaptive immunity defends against infection of body fluids & cells
24.2: diverse structural & metabolic adaptations have evolved in prokaryotes CH36: REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
24.3: rapid reproduction, mutation, genetic recombination promote genetic 36.1: both asexual & sexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom
diversity in prokaryotes 32.2: endocrine & nervous systems act individually & together in regulating
24.4: prokaryotes have radiated into a diverse set of lineages animal physiology
24.5: prokaryotes play crucial roles in the biosphere CH37: NEURONS, SYNAPSES, SIGNALING
CH25: THE ORIGIN & DIVERSIFICATION OF EUKARYOTES 37.1: neuron structure & organization reflect function in info transfer
25.1: eukaryotes arose by endosymbiosis more than 1.8 billion years ago 37.3: action potentials are signals conducted by axons
25.2: multicellularity has originated several times in eukaryotes 37.4: neurons communicate w/other cells at synapses
25.3: 4 “supergroups” of eukaryotes have been proposed based on UNIT 5 – ECOLOGY
morphological & molecular data CH 40: POPULATION ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS
UNIT 3 – PLANT DIVERSITY, FORM, AND FUNCTION 40.1: Earth’s climate influences the distribution of terrestrial biomes
CH26: THE COLONIZATION OF LAND 40.3: interactions between organisms & enviornment limit distribution of
26.1: fossils show that plants colonized land more than 470 mya species
26.3: early plants radiated into a diverse set of lineages 40.4: biotic & abiotic factors affect pop density, dispersion, demographics
26.4: seeds & pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land 40.5: exponential & logistic models describe the growth of pops
CH28: VASCULAR PLANT STRUCTURE & GROWTH 40.6: pop dynamics are influenced strongly by life history traits & pop
28.1: plants have a hierarchical organization consisting of organs, tissues, density
and cells CH41: ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
28.2: diff meristems generate new cells for primary & secondary growth 41.1: interactions between species may help, harm, or have no effect on the
28.3: primary growth lengthens roots & shoots individuals involved
28.4: secondary growth increases the diameter of stems & roots in woody 41.2: biological communities can be characterized by their diversity &
plants trophic structure
CH29: RESOURCE ACQUISITION, NUTRITION, AND TRANSPORT IN 41.3: disturbance influence species diversity & composition
VASCULAR PLANTS CH42: ECOSYSTEMS & ENERGY
29.1: adaptations for acquiring resources were key steps in the evolution of 42.1: physical laws govern energy flow & chemical cycling in ecosystems
vascular plants 42.3: energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient
29.4: plant nutrition often involves relationships w/other organisms 42.4: biological & geochemical processes cycle nutrients & water in
29.5: transpiration drives transport of water & minerals from roots to shoots ecosystems
via xylem CH43: CONSERVATION BIOLOGY & GLOBAL CHANGE
29.6: rate of transpiration is regulated by the stomata 43.1: human activities threaten Earth’s biodiversity
29.7: sugars are transported from sources to sinks via phloem 43.2: pop conservation focuses on pop size, genetic diversity, critical habitat
CH30: REPRODUCTION & DOMESTICATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS 43.3: landscape & regional conservation help sustain biodiversity
30.1: flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of the 43.4: earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions
angiosperm life cycle 43.5: human pop is no longer growing exponentially but is still increasing
30.3: people modify crops through breeding & genetic engineering rapidly
UNIT 4 – UNIKONTA DIVERSITY FORM & FUNCTION 43.6: sustainable development can improve human lives while conserving
CH27: RISE OF ANIMAL DIVERSITY biodiversity
27.1: animals originated more than 700 mya
CH1: INTRO: EVOLUTION & FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY Explosion”
1.1: they study of life reveals unifying themes 27.3: diverse animal groups radiated in aquatic environments
1.3: in studying nature, scientists form & test hypotheses 27.4: vertebrates have been the ocean’s dominant predators for more than
CH19: DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION 400 mya
19.1: Darwinian revo challenged traditional views of a young Earth inhabited 27.5: several animal groups had features facilitating their colonization of
by unchanging species land
19.2: descent w/modification by natural selection explains adaptations of 27.6: amniotes have key adaptations for life in a wdie range of terrestrial
organisms & unity & diversity of life environments
19.3: evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific 27.7: animals have transformed ecosystems & altered the course of
evidence evolution
CH21: THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS CH32: INTERNAL ENVIORNMENTS OF ANIMALS: ORGANIZATION &
21.1: genetic variation makes evolution possible REGULATION
21.2: Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to test whether a population is 32.1: animal form & function are correlated at all levels of organization
evolving 32.3: feedback control maintains internal enviornment in many animals
21.3: natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow can alter allele frequencies in 32.4: shared system mediates osmoregulation & excretion in many animals
a population CH33: ANIMAL NUTRITION
21.4: natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes 33.1: animal’s diet must supply chemical energy, organic building blocks,
adaptive evolution essential nutrients
CH22: THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES 33.2: food processing involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
22.1: the biological species concept emphasizes reproductive isolation 33.3: organs specialized for sequential stages of food processing from
22.2: speciation can take place w or w/o geographic separation mammalian digestive system
UNIT 2 – BIODIVERSITY CH34: CIIRCULATION & GAS EXCHANGE
CH20: PHYLOGENY 34.1: circulatory systems link exchange surfaces w/cells throughout the body
20.1: phylogenies show evolutionary relationships 34.5: gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces
20.3: shared characters are used to construct phylogenetic trees 34.6: breathing ventilates the lungs
20.5: new info continues to revise our understanding of evolutionary history CH35: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
CH23: BROAD PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION 35.1: in innate immunity, recognition & response rely on traits common to
23.1: fossil record documents life’s history groups of pathogens
CH24: EARLY LIFE & DIVERSIFICATION OF PROKARYOTES 35.2: in adaptive immunity, receptors provide pathogen-specific recognition
24.1: conditions on early Earth made origin of life possible 35.3: adaptive immunity defends against infection of body fluids & cells
24.2: diverse structural & metabolic adaptations have evolved in prokaryotes CH36: REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
24.3: rapid reproduction, mutation, genetic recombination promote genetic 36.1: both asexual & sexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom
diversity in prokaryotes 32.2: endocrine & nervous systems act individually & together in regulating
24.4: prokaryotes have radiated into a diverse set of lineages animal physiology
24.5: prokaryotes play crucial roles in the biosphere CH37: NEURONS, SYNAPSES, SIGNALING
CH25: THE ORIGIN & DIVERSIFICATION OF EUKARYOTES 37.1: neuron structure & organization reflect function in info transfer
25.1: eukaryotes arose by endosymbiosis more than 1.8 billion years ago 37.3: action potentials are signals conducted by axons
25.2: multicellularity has originated several times in eukaryotes 37.4: neurons communicate w/other cells at synapses
25.3: 4 “supergroups” of eukaryotes have been proposed based on UNIT 5 – ECOLOGY
morphological & molecular data CH 40: POPULATION ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS
UNIT 3 – PLANT DIVERSITY, FORM, AND FUNCTION 40.1: Earth’s climate influences the distribution of terrestrial biomes
CH26: THE COLONIZATION OF LAND 40.3: interactions between organisms & enviornment limit distribution of
26.1: fossils show that plants colonized land more than 470 mya species
26.3: early plants radiated into a diverse set of lineages 40.4: biotic & abiotic factors affect pop density, dispersion, demographics
26.4: seeds & pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land 40.5: exponential & logistic models describe the growth of pops
CH28: VASCULAR PLANT STRUCTURE & GROWTH 40.6: pop dynamics are influenced strongly by life history traits & pop
28.1: plants have a hierarchical organization consisting of organs, tissues, density
and cells CH41: ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
28.2: diff meristems generate new cells for primary & secondary growth 41.1: interactions between species may help, harm, or have no effect on the
28.3: primary growth lengthens roots & shoots individuals involved
28.4: secondary growth increases the diameter of stems & roots in woody 41.2: biological communities can be characterized by their diversity &
plants trophic structure
CH29: RESOURCE ACQUISITION, NUTRITION, AND TRANSPORT IN 41.3: disturbance influence species diversity & composition
VASCULAR PLANTS CH42: ECOSYSTEMS & ENERGY
29.1: adaptations for acquiring resources were key steps in the evolution of 42.1: physical laws govern energy flow & chemical cycling in ecosystems
vascular plants 42.3: energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient
29.4: plant nutrition often involves relationships w/other organisms 42.4: biological & geochemical processes cycle nutrients & water in
29.5: transpiration drives transport of water & minerals from roots to shoots ecosystems
via xylem CH43: CONSERVATION BIOLOGY & GLOBAL CHANGE
29.6: rate of transpiration is regulated by the stomata 43.1: human activities threaten Earth’s biodiversity
29.7: sugars are transported from sources to sinks via phloem 43.2: pop conservation focuses on pop size, genetic diversity, critical habitat
CH30: REPRODUCTION & DOMESTICATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS 43.3: landscape & regional conservation help sustain biodiversity
30.1: flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of the 43.4: earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions
angiosperm life cycle 43.5: human pop is no longer growing exponentially but is still increasing
30.3: people modify crops through breeding & genetic engineering rapidly
UNIT 4 – UNIKONTA DIVERSITY FORM & FUNCTION 43.6: sustainable development can improve human lives while conserving
CH27: RISE OF ANIMAL DIVERSITY biodiversity
27.1: animals originated more than 700 mya
