RNSG 1105 EXAM 3 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ -rrhea.
Answer: flow, discharge
⩥ -iasis, -osis.
Answer: abnormal condition
⩥ gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Answer: backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often
resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter,
causing burning pain in the esophagus. Chest pain can mimic that of
agina
⩥ jaundice.
Answer: yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an
accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
⩥ Diverticulosis/diverticulitis.
Answer: Small pouches may form along the walls of the large intestine
called diverticuli which if symptomatic, causing discomfort to the
,patient, is called diverticulosis. These abnormal outpocketings may
collect and not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to
inflammation, diverticulitis.
⩥ Cirrhosis.
Answer: A chronic, degenerative disease of the liver that interferes with
normal liver function. Means "yellow-orange" in Greek-make refers to
gross appearance.
⩥ portal hypertension.
Answer: A potential complication of chronic alcoholism resulting in
liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver.
The rising blood pressure in the veins between the gastrointestinal tract
and liver causes engorgement of veins around the umbilicus (navel). The
characteristic radiating pattern of veins is called a "caput medusae"
(head of Medusa). Medusa was the "snake-haired lady" in Greek
mythology.
⩥ esophageal varices.
Answer: swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.
Often a complication of chronic alcoholism. Risk of tearing which could
be fatal due to bleeding
⩥ dysphagia.
, Answer: Difficulty swallowing. May be related to GERD (see above),
esophageal tumor or other causes.
⩥ peritonitis.
Answer: inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity
⩥ gastroenterologist.
Answer: a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases
and disorders of the digestive system, including stomach, intestines &
esophagus
⩥ protologist.
Answer: a physician specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and
anus
⩥ Guaiac test (Hemoccult, Fecult).
Answer: a special chemical test to identify blood in the stool (feces).
Blood in the stool may have many causes including cancer and
hemorrhoids.
⩥ upper GI series.
Answer: a series of X-rays of the esophagus and stomach and small
intestines having the patient swallow a "milkshake" of barium. The
element barium is opaque, i.e. blocks , X-rays. This procedure may be
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ -rrhea.
Answer: flow, discharge
⩥ -iasis, -osis.
Answer: abnormal condition
⩥ gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Answer: backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often
resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter,
causing burning pain in the esophagus. Chest pain can mimic that of
agina
⩥ jaundice.
Answer: yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an
accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
⩥ Diverticulosis/diverticulitis.
Answer: Small pouches may form along the walls of the large intestine
called diverticuli which if symptomatic, causing discomfort to the
,patient, is called diverticulosis. These abnormal outpocketings may
collect and not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to
inflammation, diverticulitis.
⩥ Cirrhosis.
Answer: A chronic, degenerative disease of the liver that interferes with
normal liver function. Means "yellow-orange" in Greek-make refers to
gross appearance.
⩥ portal hypertension.
Answer: A potential complication of chronic alcoholism resulting in
liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver.
The rising blood pressure in the veins between the gastrointestinal tract
and liver causes engorgement of veins around the umbilicus (navel). The
characteristic radiating pattern of veins is called a "caput medusae"
(head of Medusa). Medusa was the "snake-haired lady" in Greek
mythology.
⩥ esophageal varices.
Answer: swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.
Often a complication of chronic alcoholism. Risk of tearing which could
be fatal due to bleeding
⩥ dysphagia.
, Answer: Difficulty swallowing. May be related to GERD (see above),
esophageal tumor or other causes.
⩥ peritonitis.
Answer: inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity
⩥ gastroenterologist.
Answer: a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases
and disorders of the digestive system, including stomach, intestines &
esophagus
⩥ protologist.
Answer: a physician specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and
anus
⩥ Guaiac test (Hemoccult, Fecult).
Answer: a special chemical test to identify blood in the stool (feces).
Blood in the stool may have many causes including cancer and
hemorrhoids.
⩥ upper GI series.
Answer: a series of X-rays of the esophagus and stomach and small
intestines having the patient swallow a "milkshake" of barium. The
element barium is opaque, i.e. blocks , X-rays. This procedure may be
