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NURS 231 Module 10 Exam (2026/2027) | Pathophysiology | Portage Learning (PDF) | | Complete A+ Guide

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NURS 231 Module 10 Exam (2026/2027) | Pathophysiology | Portage Learning (PDF) | | Complete A+ Guide

Institution
NUR231/NURS 231: Pathophysiology
Course
NUR231/NURS 231: Pathophysiology

Content preview

NURS 231 Module 10 Exam (2026/2027) |m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1




m1 Pathophysiology | Portage Learning (PDF) | | m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1




Complete A+ Guide m1 m1 m1




1. Each of the following are true of gout except
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Answer: Uric acid dissolves readily in synovial fluid
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Explanation:
In gout, uric acid does not dissolve readily in synovial fluid; it
m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 crystallizes
m1



(monosodium urate crystals) at high concentrations, leading to
m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 inflammation. The
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other typical true statements about gout (e.g., involving purine
m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1metabolism, acute m1



arthritis, tophi) are not listed here, but the given exception is
m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 correct because
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uric acid has poor solubility in joint fluid.
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2. Which of the following would a patient likely exhibit on an initial
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physical exam if you suspect they have OA? (mark all that apply)
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Answer: capsular pattern, crepitus with movement
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Explanation:
Osteoarthritis (OA) commonly presents with a capsular pattern (limitation of
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movement in a characteristic distribution) and crepitus (grating sensation or
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sound with joint movement due to roughened articular surfaces). Other signs like
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joint effusion or warmth are less common initially.
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3. Which of the following are true regarding synostoses? (mark all that
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apply)
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Answer: they allow no movement between them, they are joined by dense
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connective tissue
m1 m1

, Explanation:
Synostoses are bony joints (e.g., sutures of the skull that fuse with age). They
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allow no movement (synarthrosis) and are joined by dense connective tissue
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(fibrous tissue) before ossification completes. After ossification, they become bony
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unions, but the description matches fibrous synostoses.
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4. Blood circulates through bone by what means? (mark all that apply)
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Answer: via central Haversian and Volkmann canals, an anastomosis between
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perforating and nutrient arteries, ditusion through endosteal surface of the bone
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and the canaliculi
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(Note: “ditusion” is likely a typo for “diffusion”)
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Explanation:
Bone blood supply involves Haversian canals (central canals in osteons) and
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Volkmann canals (transverse connecting canals). Anastomoses between
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perforating (Sharpey’s) and nutrient arteries provide collateral circulation.
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Diffusion from the endosteal surface and through canaliculi nourishes osteocytes.
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All listed mechanisms are correct.
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5. Which of the following drugs is most commonly prescribed to treat osteo-
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porosis?
Answer: alendronate m1




Explanation:
Alendronate is a bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
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It is a first-line medication for osteoporosis. Other drugs (e.g., raloxifene,
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teriparatide) may be used, but alendronate is most commonly prescribed.
m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1 m1

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