peds- cardiac questions and Answers
Terms in this set (144)
What are the layers of the heart?Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium.
What is the function of the myocardium? It is the main muscular layer responsible for contraction.
What separates the right atrium from the left atrium? The atrial septum.
What are the two types of heart valves? Atrioventricular valves (AV) and Semilunar valves.
What does S1 heart sound indicate? Closure of tricuspid and mitral AV valves.
What is the significance of the fetal circulation? It prioritizes oxygen delivery to the brain while bypassing non-functional lungs.
What are the special fetal shunts and their functions? Ductus Arteriosus (bypasses lungs), Foramen Ovale (sends oxygenated blood to
brain), Ductus Venosus (bypasses liver).
, What happens to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at PVR dramatically decreases as the lungs expand.
birth?
What causes the foramen ovale to close functionally? Pressure changes after birth.
What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)? Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV).
What factors influence stroke volume? Preload, Afterload, and Contractility.
What are common symptoms of cardiac dysfunction in Poor feeding, diaphoresis with feeds, tachypnea, poor weight gain.
infants?
What are the nursing implications of dysrhythmias in They can impair cardiac output significantly.
children?
What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization? To assess oxygen saturation, pressure changes, cardiac output, and anatomic
defects.
What are pre-procedure nursing interventions for cardiac NPO for 6-8 hours, check for allergies, assess distal pulses, obtain baseline
catheterization? oxygen saturation.
What should be monitored post-procedure for cardiac Continuous cardiac monitoring, pulses below the site, vital signs, and insertion site
catheterization? for bleeding.
What are emergency red flags after cardiac Bleeding at the site, signs of stroke (weakness, confusion, slurred speech, vision
catheterization? changes).
What are the common complications associated with Heart failure, arrhythmias, and growth failure.
congenital heart disease?
What is the primary goal of nursing management in To ensure adequate cardiac output and manage symptoms.
children with cardiovascular dysfunction?
How does high blood pressure affect afterload? It increases afterload, making it harder for the ventricles to pump blood.
What are signs of decreased contractility in children? Cool extremities, weak pulses, decreased urine output.
What is the significance of assessing prenatal factors in They can indicate risk for congenital heart defects.
cardiac assessment?
What should be included in the physical examination of a Vital signs, inspection for cyanosis, palpation of pulses, and auscultation for heart
child with suspected cardiac dysfunction? sounds.
What is the impact of tachycardia on diastolic filling time? It reduces diastolic filling time, decreasing coronary perfusion.
Terms in this set (144)
What are the layers of the heart?Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium.
What is the function of the myocardium? It is the main muscular layer responsible for contraction.
What separates the right atrium from the left atrium? The atrial septum.
What are the two types of heart valves? Atrioventricular valves (AV) and Semilunar valves.
What does S1 heart sound indicate? Closure of tricuspid and mitral AV valves.
What is the significance of the fetal circulation? It prioritizes oxygen delivery to the brain while bypassing non-functional lungs.
What are the special fetal shunts and their functions? Ductus Arteriosus (bypasses lungs), Foramen Ovale (sends oxygenated blood to
brain), Ductus Venosus (bypasses liver).
, What happens to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at PVR dramatically decreases as the lungs expand.
birth?
What causes the foramen ovale to close functionally? Pressure changes after birth.
What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)? Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV).
What factors influence stroke volume? Preload, Afterload, and Contractility.
What are common symptoms of cardiac dysfunction in Poor feeding, diaphoresis with feeds, tachypnea, poor weight gain.
infants?
What are the nursing implications of dysrhythmias in They can impair cardiac output significantly.
children?
What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization? To assess oxygen saturation, pressure changes, cardiac output, and anatomic
defects.
What are pre-procedure nursing interventions for cardiac NPO for 6-8 hours, check for allergies, assess distal pulses, obtain baseline
catheterization? oxygen saturation.
What should be monitored post-procedure for cardiac Continuous cardiac monitoring, pulses below the site, vital signs, and insertion site
catheterization? for bleeding.
What are emergency red flags after cardiac Bleeding at the site, signs of stroke (weakness, confusion, slurred speech, vision
catheterization? changes).
What are the common complications associated with Heart failure, arrhythmias, and growth failure.
congenital heart disease?
What is the primary goal of nursing management in To ensure adequate cardiac output and manage symptoms.
children with cardiovascular dysfunction?
How does high blood pressure affect afterload? It increases afterload, making it harder for the ventricles to pump blood.
What are signs of decreased contractility in children? Cool extremities, weak pulses, decreased urine output.
What is the significance of assessing prenatal factors in They can indicate risk for congenital heart defects.
cardiac assessment?
What should be included in the physical examination of a Vital signs, inspection for cyanosis, palpation of pulses, and auscultation for heart
child with suspected cardiac dysfunction? sounds.
What is the impact of tachycardia on diastolic filling time? It reduces diastolic filling time, decreasing coronary perfusion.
