HEALTH & WELLNESS BASICS HEALTH BASICS
Health • Wellness • Illness • Disease • Internal vs External Define it. Defend it. Promote it.
Scrub Lab Chronicles • Health & Wellness Edition | Page 1 of 6
DEFINE THE TERMS. ROUTE THE CARE.
Health = complete physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO, 1946) — NOT merely the 4 terms to know
absence of disease. Wellness = a positive, optimal state that is continually changing. Get the 8 dimensions of wellness
definitions right and every wellness exam question becomes a sorting exercise. Internal vs external →
THE 4 KEY TERMS — HEALTH • WELLNESS • ILLNESS • DISEASE memorize the wording
HEALTH WELLNESS ILLNESS DISEASE
State of complete physical, Positive, optimal, State in which physical, Medical condition with specific
mental, & social well-being continually-changing state of an emotional, intellectual, social, signs and symptoms causing
(WHO, 1946) — not just individual, family, or community. developmental, or spiritual distress to the person.
absence of disease. function is impaired.
VARIABLES INFLUENCING HEALTH PRACTICES internal = within the person • external = around the person
INTERNAL VARIABLES EXTERNAL VARIABLES
• Growth & development (chronological vs developmental • Family practices & roles (taught behaviors carry to
age) adulthood)
• Intellectual background & cognition • Cultural background & traditions
• Perception of functioning (subjective data) • Psychosocial support (friends, church, community)
• Emotional factors — stress, depression, fear • Socioeconomic factors — income, insurance, housing
• Spiritual factors — hope, meaning, religious beliefs • Access to the healthcare system
ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM • which way is the client facing? neutral ≠ wellness
PREMATURE DEATH NEUTRAL (no signs of disease) HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
← TREATMENT paradigm (cure) WELLNESS paradigm (growth) →
KEY: A client can have wellness function in the presence of illness — direction matters more than position.
Scrub LabChronicles
Scrub Lab Chronicles• • Health
Health&&Wellness
WellnessEdition
Edition Continue → Models
→ Models
Continue of Health
of Health
, THE 4 MODELS OF HEALTH MODELS OF HEALTH
Belief • Promotion • Holistic • Transtheoretical Match the model. Move the client.
Scrub Lab Chronicles • Health & Wellness Edition | Page 2 of 6
FOUR FRAMEWORKS · ONE GOAL
Models give nurses a way to read a client's beliefs, motivation, and readiness — then 4 models to know
individualize the plan. Each model answers a different question: Why do they think this? 5 stages of change
What motivates them? What helps them? Are they ready? NCLEX gold ↓
THE 4 MODELS — FOCUS • USE • EXAMPLE *the model name = the angle
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL PENDER'S HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
perceived risk → action motivation → wellness
FOCUS: Relationship between a client's beliefs/attitudes FOCUS: Increasing well-being. Pursuit of health, not
and their behavior. avoidance of disease.
• Perceived susceptibility • Individual characteristics & experiences
• Perceived severity • Behavior-specific knowledge & affect
• Perceived benefits • Behavioral outcome / commitment to plan
• Perceived barriers • Does NOT include genetics or current health status
• Cues to action + self-efficacy EX:Client commits to daily walks after spouse agrees to be an
EX:Client with family hx of breast cancer schedules a accountability partner (interpersonal influence).
mammogram because she perceives her risk as elevated.
HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL (TTM)
body • mind • spirit stages of change
FOCUS: All dimensions contribute to health — body's FOCUS: Intentional behavior change occurs in stages —
natural healing ability is honored. readiness drives intervention.
• Complementary & alternative therapies • Precontemplation → Contemplation
• Aromatherapy, music, guided imagery • Preparation → Action
• Reminiscence, relaxation, therapeutic touch • Maintenance → (Termination)
• Effective, economical, non-invasive, non-drug • Used for smoking, alcohol, weight loss
EX:Nurse recommends meditation + a support group for a client EX:'I could never quit' = Precontemplation. 'I cut back to half a
who doesn't want a sleep medication. pack' = Action.
TTM STAGES OF CHANGE — match client statements to the stage key NCLEX skill
PRE- CONTEMPLATION PREPARATION ACTION MAINTENANCE TERMINATION
CONTEMPLATION
no plan to change thinking about it intends to act actively changing sustained > 6 mo no temptation
(next 6 mo) (next 6 mo) (next 30 days) (< 6 mo)
Scrub LabChronicles
Scrub Lab Chronicles• • Health
Health&&Wellness
WellnessEdition
Edition Continue → Maslow
→ Maslow
Continue & Levels of Prevention
& Levels of Prevention
Health • Wellness • Illness • Disease • Internal vs External Define it. Defend it. Promote it.
Scrub Lab Chronicles • Health & Wellness Edition | Page 1 of 6
DEFINE THE TERMS. ROUTE THE CARE.
Health = complete physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO, 1946) — NOT merely the 4 terms to know
absence of disease. Wellness = a positive, optimal state that is continually changing. Get the 8 dimensions of wellness
definitions right and every wellness exam question becomes a sorting exercise. Internal vs external →
THE 4 KEY TERMS — HEALTH • WELLNESS • ILLNESS • DISEASE memorize the wording
HEALTH WELLNESS ILLNESS DISEASE
State of complete physical, Positive, optimal, State in which physical, Medical condition with specific
mental, & social well-being continually-changing state of an emotional, intellectual, social, signs and symptoms causing
(WHO, 1946) — not just individual, family, or community. developmental, or spiritual distress to the person.
absence of disease. function is impaired.
VARIABLES INFLUENCING HEALTH PRACTICES internal = within the person • external = around the person
INTERNAL VARIABLES EXTERNAL VARIABLES
• Growth & development (chronological vs developmental • Family practices & roles (taught behaviors carry to
age) adulthood)
• Intellectual background & cognition • Cultural background & traditions
• Perception of functioning (subjective data) • Psychosocial support (friends, church, community)
• Emotional factors — stress, depression, fear • Socioeconomic factors — income, insurance, housing
• Spiritual factors — hope, meaning, religious beliefs • Access to the healthcare system
ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM • which way is the client facing? neutral ≠ wellness
PREMATURE DEATH NEUTRAL (no signs of disease) HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
← TREATMENT paradigm (cure) WELLNESS paradigm (growth) →
KEY: A client can have wellness function in the presence of illness — direction matters more than position.
Scrub LabChronicles
Scrub Lab Chronicles• • Health
Health&&Wellness
WellnessEdition
Edition Continue → Models
→ Models
Continue of Health
of Health
, THE 4 MODELS OF HEALTH MODELS OF HEALTH
Belief • Promotion • Holistic • Transtheoretical Match the model. Move the client.
Scrub Lab Chronicles • Health & Wellness Edition | Page 2 of 6
FOUR FRAMEWORKS · ONE GOAL
Models give nurses a way to read a client's beliefs, motivation, and readiness — then 4 models to know
individualize the plan. Each model answers a different question: Why do they think this? 5 stages of change
What motivates them? What helps them? Are they ready? NCLEX gold ↓
THE 4 MODELS — FOCUS • USE • EXAMPLE *the model name = the angle
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL PENDER'S HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
perceived risk → action motivation → wellness
FOCUS: Relationship between a client's beliefs/attitudes FOCUS: Increasing well-being. Pursuit of health, not
and their behavior. avoidance of disease.
• Perceived susceptibility • Individual characteristics & experiences
• Perceived severity • Behavior-specific knowledge & affect
• Perceived benefits • Behavioral outcome / commitment to plan
• Perceived barriers • Does NOT include genetics or current health status
• Cues to action + self-efficacy EX:Client commits to daily walks after spouse agrees to be an
EX:Client with family hx of breast cancer schedules a accountability partner (interpersonal influence).
mammogram because she perceives her risk as elevated.
HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL (TTM)
body • mind • spirit stages of change
FOCUS: All dimensions contribute to health — body's FOCUS: Intentional behavior change occurs in stages —
natural healing ability is honored. readiness drives intervention.
• Complementary & alternative therapies • Precontemplation → Contemplation
• Aromatherapy, music, guided imagery • Preparation → Action
• Reminiscence, relaxation, therapeutic touch • Maintenance → (Termination)
• Effective, economical, non-invasive, non-drug • Used for smoking, alcohol, weight loss
EX:Nurse recommends meditation + a support group for a client EX:'I could never quit' = Precontemplation. 'I cut back to half a
who doesn't want a sleep medication. pack' = Action.
TTM STAGES OF CHANGE — match client statements to the stage key NCLEX skill
PRE- CONTEMPLATION PREPARATION ACTION MAINTENANCE TERMINATION
CONTEMPLATION
no plan to change thinking about it intends to act actively changing sustained > 6 mo no temptation
(next 6 mo) (next 6 mo) (next 30 days) (< 6 mo)
Scrub LabChronicles
Scrub Lab Chronicles• • Health
Health&&Wellness
WellnessEdition
Edition Continue → Maslow
→ Maslow
Continue & Levels of Prevention
& Levels of Prevention
