APUSH- Amsco Period 1,2,3 Final
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
Columbian Exchange - Answer Trans-Atlantic trade of animals, plants, germs, and people.
Profoundly changed each area it hit (Europe, North America, South America, Caribbean, Africa)
Natives and Africans - Answer Were used for labor in agriculture and mining precious metals.
Resisted oppression by maintaining elements of their cultures.
European countries in America - Answer Spanish and Portuguese, followed by the French
and Dutch, and then the English.
Columbus and other explorers - Answer When writing history, (predominantly white, male)
historians wrote of _________________ as great explorers, with a heroic legacy. As the stories
of different kinds of people began to take a greater role in the story of America, these people
are increasingly seen as invaders of great societies.
European diseases and violence - Answer Destroyed the diverse and vibrant pre-Columbian
cultures.
Original discovery of America - Answer Occurred at least 10,000 years before Columbus.
Most likely 30,000-40,000 years ago. The theory is that migrants from Asia crossed a land bridge
between Siberia and Alaska, which was covered in water at the end of the Ice Age. Another
theory is that the migrants came on boats.
The first Americans - Answer Evolved into hundreds of tribes, spoke hundreds of languages,
and practiced different cultures. There were at least twenty language families in North America
alone.
AD 300-800 - Answer The Mayas built remarkable cities in the rainforest of the Yucatan
Peninsula (present day Guatemala, Belize, and southern Mexico.)
Tenochtitlan - Answer Aztec capital. Had a population of over 200,000.
Incas - Answer Developed a vast empire in Peru.
Corn and potatoes - Answer Main diet of the Aztecs, Maya, and Incas.
,Pre Columbian population of North America - Answer Anywhere between 1 million and 10
million
North American native societies - Answer Smaller and less sophisticated in the traditional
sense than Mesoamerica and South America
Cultivation of corn - Answer Took a long time to diffuse to North America
Most North American tribes - Answer By the time Columbus arrived, they lived in
semipermanent settlements in groups seldom exceeding 300 people.
Men and women - Answer ___________ made tools and hunted for game, while
__________ gathered plants and nuts or grew crops such as corn, beans, and tobacco.
Native American languages - Answer Constituted more than 20 language families. The
largest were Algonquian, Siouan, and Athabaskan.
Southwest settlements - Answer Groups such as the Hokokam, Anasazi, and Pueblos.
Supported by farming with complex irrigation systems. They lived in caves, under cliffs, and in
multistoried buildings.
Northwest settlements - Answer Along the Pacific Coast from what is today Alaska to
northern California. Lived in longhouses or plank houses. Diet based on hunting, fishing, and
gathering. Saved stories and myths with totem poles.
Great Plains - Answer Most people were either nomadic hunters or sedentary farmers. Lived
in tipis and earthen lodges. Tribes such as the Lakota Sioux and the Apache. Horses came in
17th century.
Midwest settlements - Answer Prospered with a rich food supply. Supported by hunting,
fishing, and agriculture. Adena-Hopewell culture is famous for the mounds they built.
Northeast settlements - Answer Their culture combined hunting and farming. The farming
techniques exhausted the land, so they had to leave. Iroquois Confederation lived here.
Collection of Oneida, Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga working together to govern.
Atlantic Seaboard Settlements - Answer Lived in the area south of New Jersey to Florida.
Descendants of Woodlands mound builders.
, Renaissance - Answer Time after the Middle Ages in which people, particularly in Italy,
rediscovered the Classical Age (Greece and Rome). Spanned all areas of study, including art,
music, and philosophy. Also sparked an increased interest in science, which allowed the
necessary technology for trans-Atlantic travel to develop.
Religious conflict - Answer This was a huge factor in European migration and desire to
convert natives to their version of Christianity.
95 Theses - Answer The arguments against the Catholic Church that began the Protestant
Reformation.
Counter-Reformation - Answer The movement in the Catholic church to address the
concerns brought up by Martin Luther in the 95 Theses. Brought about the Jesuit order,
missionaries who traveled all over the world.
Catholic victory in Spain - Answer The monarchs of Castile and Aragon, Ferdinand and
Isabella, united to drive Muslims and Jews out of Spain in the Reconquista and the Inquisition.
This made Spain into a prominent, Catholic nation, ready to spread their religion and intolerant
of anyone else's.
Protestant Reformation - Answer Spawned many denominations of Christianity besides
Catholicism. Because different sects of Catholics and Protestants were facing religious
discrimination, they migrated to North America.
Mercantilism - Answer Many countries wanted to trade finished goods for raw materials, and
they wanted to do this trade with their colonies. This provided a guaranteed market for finished
goods.
New routes - Answer Many countries were compelled to find the quickest route to Asia after
the Silk road collapsed.
Prince Henry the Navigator - Answer Founded a school in Portugal for sailors.
Chattel slavery - Answer Slavery was an important part of most civilizations. However, in
America, Europeans employed ____________, which was the practice of treating slaves like
animals/commodities.
African resistance - Answer Many slaves revolted or sabotaged work to get back at their
masters.
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
Columbian Exchange - Answer Trans-Atlantic trade of animals, plants, germs, and people.
Profoundly changed each area it hit (Europe, North America, South America, Caribbean, Africa)
Natives and Africans - Answer Were used for labor in agriculture and mining precious metals.
Resisted oppression by maintaining elements of their cultures.
European countries in America - Answer Spanish and Portuguese, followed by the French
and Dutch, and then the English.
Columbus and other explorers - Answer When writing history, (predominantly white, male)
historians wrote of _________________ as great explorers, with a heroic legacy. As the stories
of different kinds of people began to take a greater role in the story of America, these people
are increasingly seen as invaders of great societies.
European diseases and violence - Answer Destroyed the diverse and vibrant pre-Columbian
cultures.
Original discovery of America - Answer Occurred at least 10,000 years before Columbus.
Most likely 30,000-40,000 years ago. The theory is that migrants from Asia crossed a land bridge
between Siberia and Alaska, which was covered in water at the end of the Ice Age. Another
theory is that the migrants came on boats.
The first Americans - Answer Evolved into hundreds of tribes, spoke hundreds of languages,
and practiced different cultures. There were at least twenty language families in North America
alone.
AD 300-800 - Answer The Mayas built remarkable cities in the rainforest of the Yucatan
Peninsula (present day Guatemala, Belize, and southern Mexico.)
Tenochtitlan - Answer Aztec capital. Had a population of over 200,000.
Incas - Answer Developed a vast empire in Peru.
Corn and potatoes - Answer Main diet of the Aztecs, Maya, and Incas.
,Pre Columbian population of North America - Answer Anywhere between 1 million and 10
million
North American native societies - Answer Smaller and less sophisticated in the traditional
sense than Mesoamerica and South America
Cultivation of corn - Answer Took a long time to diffuse to North America
Most North American tribes - Answer By the time Columbus arrived, they lived in
semipermanent settlements in groups seldom exceeding 300 people.
Men and women - Answer ___________ made tools and hunted for game, while
__________ gathered plants and nuts or grew crops such as corn, beans, and tobacco.
Native American languages - Answer Constituted more than 20 language families. The
largest were Algonquian, Siouan, and Athabaskan.
Southwest settlements - Answer Groups such as the Hokokam, Anasazi, and Pueblos.
Supported by farming with complex irrigation systems. They lived in caves, under cliffs, and in
multistoried buildings.
Northwest settlements - Answer Along the Pacific Coast from what is today Alaska to
northern California. Lived in longhouses or plank houses. Diet based on hunting, fishing, and
gathering. Saved stories and myths with totem poles.
Great Plains - Answer Most people were either nomadic hunters or sedentary farmers. Lived
in tipis and earthen lodges. Tribes such as the Lakota Sioux and the Apache. Horses came in
17th century.
Midwest settlements - Answer Prospered with a rich food supply. Supported by hunting,
fishing, and agriculture. Adena-Hopewell culture is famous for the mounds they built.
Northeast settlements - Answer Their culture combined hunting and farming. The farming
techniques exhausted the land, so they had to leave. Iroquois Confederation lived here.
Collection of Oneida, Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga working together to govern.
Atlantic Seaboard Settlements - Answer Lived in the area south of New Jersey to Florida.
Descendants of Woodlands mound builders.
, Renaissance - Answer Time after the Middle Ages in which people, particularly in Italy,
rediscovered the Classical Age (Greece and Rome). Spanned all areas of study, including art,
music, and philosophy. Also sparked an increased interest in science, which allowed the
necessary technology for trans-Atlantic travel to develop.
Religious conflict - Answer This was a huge factor in European migration and desire to
convert natives to their version of Christianity.
95 Theses - Answer The arguments against the Catholic Church that began the Protestant
Reformation.
Counter-Reformation - Answer The movement in the Catholic church to address the
concerns brought up by Martin Luther in the 95 Theses. Brought about the Jesuit order,
missionaries who traveled all over the world.
Catholic victory in Spain - Answer The monarchs of Castile and Aragon, Ferdinand and
Isabella, united to drive Muslims and Jews out of Spain in the Reconquista and the Inquisition.
This made Spain into a prominent, Catholic nation, ready to spread their religion and intolerant
of anyone else's.
Protestant Reformation - Answer Spawned many denominations of Christianity besides
Catholicism. Because different sects of Catholics and Protestants were facing religious
discrimination, they migrated to North America.
Mercantilism - Answer Many countries wanted to trade finished goods for raw materials, and
they wanted to do this trade with their colonies. This provided a guaranteed market for finished
goods.
New routes - Answer Many countries were compelled to find the quickest route to Asia after
the Silk road collapsed.
Prince Henry the Navigator - Answer Founded a school in Portugal for sailors.
Chattel slavery - Answer Slavery was an important part of most civilizations. However, in
America, Europeans employed ____________, which was the practice of treating slaves like
animals/commodities.
African resistance - Answer Many slaves revolted or sabotaged work to get back at their
masters.
