AGACNP – Cardiovascular Exam with
Accurate Solutions
What valve is between the R atrium and ventricle? - ANS-The tricuspid valve
What valve is between the L atrium and ventircle? - ANS-The mitral valve
What valves are open in S1? - ANS-Aortic and pulmonic
What valves are open in S2? - ANS-Mitral and Tricuspid
What valves are the semi-lunar valves? - ANS-Aortic and Pulmonic
What valves are the AV valves? - ANS-Mitral and Tricuspid
If you hear "ken-tuck-y" (S3) on auscultation, what does this indicate? - ANS-Increased
fluid states (HF, pregnancy, etc.)
If you hear "Ten-ne-see" (S4) on auscultation, what does this indicate? - ANS-A stiff
ventricular wall (MI, LV hypertrophy, chronic HTN)
Murmur grading goes from ___ to ___. - ANS-I to VI
Murmur: 1/6 or I/V1 - ANS-Barely audible
Murmur: 2/6 or II/VI - ANS-Audible but faint
Murmur: 3/6 or III/VI - ANS-Moderately loud / easily heard
Murmur: 4/6 or IV/VI - ANS-Loud + a thrill
Murmur: 5/6 or V/VI - ANS-Very loud; heard best with one corner of the stethoscope off
the chest wall
Murmur 6/6 or VI/VI - ANS-Loudest
Loud S1 Murmur
Low pitched
Mid-diastolic
Apical "crescendo" rumble - ANS-Mitral Stenosis
, What test can we do in someone with HTN to rule out aldosteronism? - ANS-Plasma
Aldosterone
What test can we do in someone with HTN to rule out Cushings disease? - ANS-
Cortisol levels in the AM and PM
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Normal - ANS-<120 and <80
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Normal, elevated - ANS-120-129 and <80
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Hypertension Stage 1 - ANS-130-139 OR 80-89
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Hypertension Stage 2 - ANS-140+ OR 90+
Recommended aerobic exercise each day for HTN management - ANS-30-40 minutes
What hypertension agents do we use in Non-African Americans? - ANS-Thiazide
diuretics
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)
Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB)
Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
What hypertension agents do we use in African Americans? - ANS-Thiazide diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
NOT ACEI's or ARB's
What hypertension agents do we use in Diabetics? - ANS-ACEI's or ARB's
What hypertension agents do we use in adults with CKD? - ANS-ACEI's
What is the treatment goal algorithm for controlling HTN with medication --> If
symptoms are still uncontrolled, what is the protocol? - ANS-Initial treatment with #1
med for 1 month
Increase the dose
Add a second drug
Con't to assess monthly until goal is reached
Why do we not use ACEI's and ARB's together? - ANS-Hyperkalemia
Thiazide diuretics are usually ___-line treatment in hypertension management. These
may also protect against ___ by reducing amount of ___ expelled into the urine. - ANS-
First-line; Osteoporosis; Calcium
Accurate Solutions
What valve is between the R atrium and ventricle? - ANS-The tricuspid valve
What valve is between the L atrium and ventircle? - ANS-The mitral valve
What valves are open in S1? - ANS-Aortic and pulmonic
What valves are open in S2? - ANS-Mitral and Tricuspid
What valves are the semi-lunar valves? - ANS-Aortic and Pulmonic
What valves are the AV valves? - ANS-Mitral and Tricuspid
If you hear "ken-tuck-y" (S3) on auscultation, what does this indicate? - ANS-Increased
fluid states (HF, pregnancy, etc.)
If you hear "Ten-ne-see" (S4) on auscultation, what does this indicate? - ANS-A stiff
ventricular wall (MI, LV hypertrophy, chronic HTN)
Murmur grading goes from ___ to ___. - ANS-I to VI
Murmur: 1/6 or I/V1 - ANS-Barely audible
Murmur: 2/6 or II/VI - ANS-Audible but faint
Murmur: 3/6 or III/VI - ANS-Moderately loud / easily heard
Murmur: 4/6 or IV/VI - ANS-Loud + a thrill
Murmur: 5/6 or V/VI - ANS-Very loud; heard best with one corner of the stethoscope off
the chest wall
Murmur 6/6 or VI/VI - ANS-Loudest
Loud S1 Murmur
Low pitched
Mid-diastolic
Apical "crescendo" rumble - ANS-Mitral Stenosis
, What test can we do in someone with HTN to rule out aldosteronism? - ANS-Plasma
Aldosterone
What test can we do in someone with HTN to rule out Cushings disease? - ANS-
Cortisol levels in the AM and PM
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Normal - ANS-<120 and <80
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Normal, elevated - ANS-120-129 and <80
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Hypertension Stage 1 - ANS-130-139 OR 80-89
ACC/AHA 2017-2018 - Hypertension Stage 2 - ANS-140+ OR 90+
Recommended aerobic exercise each day for HTN management - ANS-30-40 minutes
What hypertension agents do we use in Non-African Americans? - ANS-Thiazide
diuretics
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)
Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB)
Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
What hypertension agents do we use in African Americans? - ANS-Thiazide diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
NOT ACEI's or ARB's
What hypertension agents do we use in Diabetics? - ANS-ACEI's or ARB's
What hypertension agents do we use in adults with CKD? - ANS-ACEI's
What is the treatment goal algorithm for controlling HTN with medication --> If
symptoms are still uncontrolled, what is the protocol? - ANS-Initial treatment with #1
med for 1 month
Increase the dose
Add a second drug
Con't to assess monthly until goal is reached
Why do we not use ACEI's and ARB's together? - ANS-Hyperkalemia
Thiazide diuretics are usually ___-line treatment in hypertension management. These
may also protect against ___ by reducing amount of ___ expelled into the urine. - ANS-
First-line; Osteoporosis; Calcium
