AGACNP II - Test #2 Questions with
Verified Solutions
Movement of oxygen into the blood and further transport to the tissues - correct Answer-
Oxygenation
What is oxygenation determined by? - correct Answer-(1) Partial pressure of oxygen in
the alveoli
(2) Condition of the alveolar capillary membrane
(3) Hemoglobin
(4) Cardiac output of the patient
Oxygen consumption is the rate at which oxygen is _________ from the blood. - correct
Answer-removed
Refers to the exchange of extra pulmonary and intra alveolar gas mixtures - correct
Answer-ventilation
Insufficient oxygenation is called - correct Answer-hypoxemia
When using a nasal canula, each additional liter of flow increases the FiO2 by ____%. -
correct Answer-4
When using a nasal canal, flow rates should be limited to ___L/min or less. - correct
Answer-5
Works by preventing alveolar collapse during expiration - correct Answer-CPAP
Non-rebreathing masks can achieve oxygen concentrations of... - correct Answer-80-
90%
Works by supporting both inspiration and expiration; decreases the work of breathing -
correct Answer-BiPAP
CPAP and BIPAP should be limited to patients who are... - correct Answer-conscious,
can cooperate and protect their airway
How much pressure should initially be applied to CPAP? What increments can you
increase it by? What should the max me? - correct Answer-Initially 5 cm H2O
increase by 3-5 cm H2O
Max of 10-15 cm H2O
,Normal PaO2 in ABG - correct Answer-80-100
As a general rule, PaO2 should be ___-___x the percentage of O2. - correct Answer-4-
5
PaO2/FiO2 ratio describes the degree of impairment in... - correct Answer-pulmonary
gas exchange
Ventilation is reciprocally reflected by ... - correct Answer-PaCO2
Which WHO classification is characterized by...
-No symptoms at rest
-Uncomfortable and SOB with normal activity - correct Answer-Class II
Which WHO classification is characterized by...
-May not have symptoms at rest, but activities GREATLY limited by SOB, fatigue, near
fainting
-Have to take breaks while doing ADLs - correct Answer-Class III
Which WHO classification is characterized by...
-Symptoms at rest and severe symptoms with any activity - correct Answer-Class IV
Chronic __________________ improves survival, primary in idiopathic pulmonary
hypertension - correct Answer-anti-coagulation
Warfarin is dosed to achieve an INR of what? - correct Answer-1.5-2.5
If polycythemia is severe, therapeutic phlebotomy should be considered to yield a goal
hematocrit of what? - correct Answer-55%
Pharmacological therapy is usually started for what WHO functional class? - correct
Answer-II, III, IV
What class of medications are used in pulmonary hypertension? - correct Answer-
Prostanoids
Prostacyclins
Endothelin receptor antagonists
What is a commonly under recognized cause of PH in the elderly? - correct Answer-
Heart failure with preserved EF
, If you decide to intubate your patient with a pneumothorax, what would you have for
settings:
PEEP:
Pressure support:
Tidal volume: - correct Answer-PEEP: 5
Pressure support: 10
Tidal volume: 6 ml/kg
An embolus is considered massive if... - correct Answer-more than 50% of the blood
flow is obstructed
What is hemodynamically unstable PE? - correct Answer-Hypotension 90 mmHg
or
Drop in SBP >40 mmHg for more than 15 minutes
or
Hypotension that requires pressers
What are the WELLS criteria? - correct Answer-Clinical signs
Alternative diagnosis less likely
Previous PE/DVT
Surgery/immobilizzation
Heart rate above 100
active cancer
hemopytsis
There is a higher case of PE in what population of patients - correct Answer-Men
African Americans
What is Virchow's Triad? - correct Answer-Venous stasis
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability
DVT in the _____ and ______ leads to 70% of pulmonary embolisms - correct Answer-
lower extremity
pelvis
Acute PE occurs... - correct Answer-immediately after obstruction of the pulmonary
vessels
Sub acute PE occurs... - correct Answer-days/weeks after the initial event
What is the most common symptom in PE? - correct Answer-Dyspnea
What kind of ABG will you see on someone with a PE? - correct Answer-Respiratory
alkalosis
Verified Solutions
Movement of oxygen into the blood and further transport to the tissues - correct Answer-
Oxygenation
What is oxygenation determined by? - correct Answer-(1) Partial pressure of oxygen in
the alveoli
(2) Condition of the alveolar capillary membrane
(3) Hemoglobin
(4) Cardiac output of the patient
Oxygen consumption is the rate at which oxygen is _________ from the blood. - correct
Answer-removed
Refers to the exchange of extra pulmonary and intra alveolar gas mixtures - correct
Answer-ventilation
Insufficient oxygenation is called - correct Answer-hypoxemia
When using a nasal canula, each additional liter of flow increases the FiO2 by ____%. -
correct Answer-4
When using a nasal canal, flow rates should be limited to ___L/min or less. - correct
Answer-5
Works by preventing alveolar collapse during expiration - correct Answer-CPAP
Non-rebreathing masks can achieve oxygen concentrations of... - correct Answer-80-
90%
Works by supporting both inspiration and expiration; decreases the work of breathing -
correct Answer-BiPAP
CPAP and BIPAP should be limited to patients who are... - correct Answer-conscious,
can cooperate and protect their airway
How much pressure should initially be applied to CPAP? What increments can you
increase it by? What should the max me? - correct Answer-Initially 5 cm H2O
increase by 3-5 cm H2O
Max of 10-15 cm H2O
,Normal PaO2 in ABG - correct Answer-80-100
As a general rule, PaO2 should be ___-___x the percentage of O2. - correct Answer-4-
5
PaO2/FiO2 ratio describes the degree of impairment in... - correct Answer-pulmonary
gas exchange
Ventilation is reciprocally reflected by ... - correct Answer-PaCO2
Which WHO classification is characterized by...
-No symptoms at rest
-Uncomfortable and SOB with normal activity - correct Answer-Class II
Which WHO classification is characterized by...
-May not have symptoms at rest, but activities GREATLY limited by SOB, fatigue, near
fainting
-Have to take breaks while doing ADLs - correct Answer-Class III
Which WHO classification is characterized by...
-Symptoms at rest and severe symptoms with any activity - correct Answer-Class IV
Chronic __________________ improves survival, primary in idiopathic pulmonary
hypertension - correct Answer-anti-coagulation
Warfarin is dosed to achieve an INR of what? - correct Answer-1.5-2.5
If polycythemia is severe, therapeutic phlebotomy should be considered to yield a goal
hematocrit of what? - correct Answer-55%
Pharmacological therapy is usually started for what WHO functional class? - correct
Answer-II, III, IV
What class of medications are used in pulmonary hypertension? - correct Answer-
Prostanoids
Prostacyclins
Endothelin receptor antagonists
What is a commonly under recognized cause of PH in the elderly? - correct Answer-
Heart failure with preserved EF
, If you decide to intubate your patient with a pneumothorax, what would you have for
settings:
PEEP:
Pressure support:
Tidal volume: - correct Answer-PEEP: 5
Pressure support: 10
Tidal volume: 6 ml/kg
An embolus is considered massive if... - correct Answer-more than 50% of the blood
flow is obstructed
What is hemodynamically unstable PE? - correct Answer-Hypotension 90 mmHg
or
Drop in SBP >40 mmHg for more than 15 minutes
or
Hypotension that requires pressers
What are the WELLS criteria? - correct Answer-Clinical signs
Alternative diagnosis less likely
Previous PE/DVT
Surgery/immobilizzation
Heart rate above 100
active cancer
hemopytsis
There is a higher case of PE in what population of patients - correct Answer-Men
African Americans
What is Virchow's Triad? - correct Answer-Venous stasis
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability
DVT in the _____ and ______ leads to 70% of pulmonary embolisms - correct Answer-
lower extremity
pelvis
Acute PE occurs... - correct Answer-immediately after obstruction of the pulmonary
vessels
Sub acute PE occurs... - correct Answer-days/weeks after the initial event
What is the most common symptom in PE? - correct Answer-Dyspnea
What kind of ABG will you see on someone with a PE? - correct Answer-Respiratory
alkalosis
