RNSG 2539 LATEST EXAM 2026/2027
WITH OVER 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
What clinical manifestations of DIC are primarily involved?
-Compromise of organ function or failure
-PT typically develop mods
How is bleeding characterized in DIC?
-Decreased Platelet count
-Decreased fibrinogen levels
-Prolonged PT, ApT (thrombiotic)
-Increased Fibrinogen Degradation
-Increased D-dimers
PT with Frank DIC typically bleed from where?
-Mucous Membranes
-Venipuncture Sites
-GI Urinary Tracts
What is the only manifestation of DIC during its initial process?
-Decrease in platelet count
What other test for DIC can be pre-determined at bedside, can better assess
platelet function?
-Thrombelastography
What is the normal range for platelet count?
-150,000-450,000/ mm^3 (decrease w/ DIC)
What is the normal range for PT?
-11 - 12.5 seconds (extrinsic pathway) think (PET)
What is the normal range for aPTT?
-23-35 seconds (intrinsic pathway) think PItt?
,What is normal range for thrombin time (TT)?
- 8-11 seconds (clot formation)
What is normal range of Fibrinogen?
- 170-340 mg/ dL (decreases in DIC)
What is the normal range of fibrin degradation products (FDPs)?
- 0-5 mcg/ mL
Why might cryotrecipitate be given?
-To replace fibrinogen & factors V & VII
What is examples of a fibrinolytic inhibitor?
- Aminocaproic Acid
What is the pathophysiology of DIC?
-Excess thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, producing fibrin clots in the
microcirculation
What are 3 main causes of DIC?
-Burns
-Sepsis
-Abrupito placentae
What is risk factor associated with DIC?
-Sepsis
-Cardiac Arrest
-ARDs
-DKA
-PE
-Sickle Cell Anemia
-Liver failure
What are some complications associated with DIC?
,-Cardiac tamponade
-Hemothorax
-Stroke
-MODs
The increase with DiC is unknown but it occurs in 1%-2% of PT with 3.
1- 30%, 2-50%, 3-Sepsis
What are some pysical finding for DIC?
-Hematoria
-Purpura, Jaundice
-Taghycardia
-Hemoptysic (coughing up blood)
-XXXXXX (low urine output)
-Dyspnea or tachypnea
-Pleural friction rub
-Confusion
The family of a patient in the ICU diagnosed with acute pancreatitis asks the nurse
why the patient has been moved to an air bed. What would be the nurse's best
response?
A) "Air beds allow the care team to reposition her more easily while she's on bed
rest."
B) "Air beds are far more comfortable than regular beds and she'll likely have to
be on bed rest a long time."
C) "The bed automatically moves, so she's less likely to develop pressure sores
while she's in bed."
D) "The bed automatically moves, so she is likely to have less pain."
C) "The bed automatically moves, so she's less likely to develop pressure sores
while she's in bed."
A patient is receiving care in the intensive care unit for acute pancreatitis. The
nurse is aware that pancreatic necrosis is a major cause of morbidity and
mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Consequently, the nurse should
assess for what signs or symptoms of this complication?
, A) Sudden increase in random blood glucose readings
B) Increased abdominal girth accompanied by decreased level of consciousness
C) Fever, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
D) Abdominal pain unresponsive to analgesics
C) Fever, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
A patient has been diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. The nurse is addressing the
diagnosis of Acute Pain Related to Pancreatitis. What pharmacologic intervention
is most likely to be ordered for this patient?
A) Oral oxycodone
B) IV hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
C) IM meperidine (Demerol)
D) Oral naproxen (Aleve)
B) IV hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
A patient has just been diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. The patient is
underweight and in severe pain and diagnostic testing indicates that over 80% of
the patient's pancreas has been destroyed. The patient asks the nurse why the
diagnosis was not made earlier in the disease process. What would be the nurse's
best response?
A) "The symptoms of pancreatitis mimic those of much less serious illnesses."
B) "Your body doesn't require pancreatic function until it is under great stress, so
it is easy to go unnoticed."
C) "Chronic pancreatitis often goes undetected until a large majority of pancreatic
function is lost."
D) "It's likely that your other organs were compensating for your decreased
pancreatic function."
C) "Chronic pancreatitis often goes undetected until a large majority of pancreatic
function is lost."
A patient is admitted to the ICU with acute pancreatitis. The patient's family asks
what causes acute pancreatitis. The critical care nurse knows that a majority of
WITH OVER 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
What clinical manifestations of DIC are primarily involved?
-Compromise of organ function or failure
-PT typically develop mods
How is bleeding characterized in DIC?
-Decreased Platelet count
-Decreased fibrinogen levels
-Prolonged PT, ApT (thrombiotic)
-Increased Fibrinogen Degradation
-Increased D-dimers
PT with Frank DIC typically bleed from where?
-Mucous Membranes
-Venipuncture Sites
-GI Urinary Tracts
What is the only manifestation of DIC during its initial process?
-Decrease in platelet count
What other test for DIC can be pre-determined at bedside, can better assess
platelet function?
-Thrombelastography
What is the normal range for platelet count?
-150,000-450,000/ mm^3 (decrease w/ DIC)
What is the normal range for PT?
-11 - 12.5 seconds (extrinsic pathway) think (PET)
What is the normal range for aPTT?
-23-35 seconds (intrinsic pathway) think PItt?
,What is normal range for thrombin time (TT)?
- 8-11 seconds (clot formation)
What is normal range of Fibrinogen?
- 170-340 mg/ dL (decreases in DIC)
What is the normal range of fibrin degradation products (FDPs)?
- 0-5 mcg/ mL
Why might cryotrecipitate be given?
-To replace fibrinogen & factors V & VII
What is examples of a fibrinolytic inhibitor?
- Aminocaproic Acid
What is the pathophysiology of DIC?
-Excess thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, producing fibrin clots in the
microcirculation
What are 3 main causes of DIC?
-Burns
-Sepsis
-Abrupito placentae
What is risk factor associated with DIC?
-Sepsis
-Cardiac Arrest
-ARDs
-DKA
-PE
-Sickle Cell Anemia
-Liver failure
What are some complications associated with DIC?
,-Cardiac tamponade
-Hemothorax
-Stroke
-MODs
The increase with DiC is unknown but it occurs in 1%-2% of PT with 3.
1- 30%, 2-50%, 3-Sepsis
What are some pysical finding for DIC?
-Hematoria
-Purpura, Jaundice
-Taghycardia
-Hemoptysic (coughing up blood)
-XXXXXX (low urine output)
-Dyspnea or tachypnea
-Pleural friction rub
-Confusion
The family of a patient in the ICU diagnosed with acute pancreatitis asks the nurse
why the patient has been moved to an air bed. What would be the nurse's best
response?
A) "Air beds allow the care team to reposition her more easily while she's on bed
rest."
B) "Air beds are far more comfortable than regular beds and she'll likely have to
be on bed rest a long time."
C) "The bed automatically moves, so she's less likely to develop pressure sores
while she's in bed."
D) "The bed automatically moves, so she is likely to have less pain."
C) "The bed automatically moves, so she's less likely to develop pressure sores
while she's in bed."
A patient is receiving care in the intensive care unit for acute pancreatitis. The
nurse is aware that pancreatic necrosis is a major cause of morbidity and
mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Consequently, the nurse should
assess for what signs or symptoms of this complication?
, A) Sudden increase in random blood glucose readings
B) Increased abdominal girth accompanied by decreased level of consciousness
C) Fever, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
D) Abdominal pain unresponsive to analgesics
C) Fever, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
A patient has been diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. The nurse is addressing the
diagnosis of Acute Pain Related to Pancreatitis. What pharmacologic intervention
is most likely to be ordered for this patient?
A) Oral oxycodone
B) IV hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
C) IM meperidine (Demerol)
D) Oral naproxen (Aleve)
B) IV hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
A patient has just been diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. The patient is
underweight and in severe pain and diagnostic testing indicates that over 80% of
the patient's pancreas has been destroyed. The patient asks the nurse why the
diagnosis was not made earlier in the disease process. What would be the nurse's
best response?
A) "The symptoms of pancreatitis mimic those of much less serious illnesses."
B) "Your body doesn't require pancreatic function until it is under great stress, so
it is easy to go unnoticed."
C) "Chronic pancreatitis often goes undetected until a large majority of pancreatic
function is lost."
D) "It's likely that your other organs were compensating for your decreased
pancreatic function."
C) "Chronic pancreatitis often goes undetected until a large majority of pancreatic
function is lost."
A patient is admitted to the ICU with acute pancreatitis. The patient's family asks
what causes acute pancreatitis. The critical care nurse knows that a majority of
