CCA- 625
Project 2: Explore Networking in the Cloud
University of Maryland Global Campus
CCA 625 Network Engineering
1. Internet Protocol (IP):
Internet protocol is the principle communication protocol in the internet protocol suite. It
helps in the relay of datagrams in across the boundaries of internet. Sending someone
information in the internet requires a correct address. Each device on the internet has an IP
address that identifies it uniquely. Since BallotOnline will carry most of the operations online,
they will definitely use internet protocol in their networking.
a) Packet Switching
Packet switching is a connectionless network switching technique. Here, the message
is divided and grouped into a number of units called packets that are individually routed from the
source to the destination. There is no need to establish a dedicated circuit for communication.
Each packet in a packet switching technique has two parts: a header and a payload. The
header contains the addressing information of the packet and is used by the intermediate routers
to direct it towards its destination. The payload carries the actual data.
A packet is transmitted as soon as it is available in a node, based upon its header
information. The packets of a message are not routed via the same path. So, the packets in the
message arrives in the destination out of order. It is the responsibility of the destination to reorder
the packets in order to retrieve the original message.
The process is diagrammatically represented in the following figure. Here the message comprises
of four packets, A, B, C and D, which may follow different routes from the sender to the receiver.
,Advantages and Disadvantages of Packet Switching
Advantages
Delay in delivery of packets is less since packets are sent as soon as they are available.
Switching devices don’t require massive storage, since they don’t have to store the entire
messages before forwarding them to the next node.
Data delivery can continue even if some parts of the network faces link failure. Packets
can be routed via other paths.
It allows simultaneous usage of the same channel by multiple users.
It ensures better bandwidth usage as a number of packets from multiple sources can be
transferred via the same link.
, Disadvantages
They are unsuitable for applications that cannot afford delays in communication like high
quality voice calls.
Packet switching high installation costs.
They require complex protocols for delivery.
Network problems may introduce errors in packets, delay in delivery of packets or loss of
packets. If not properly handled, this may lead to loss of critical information.
b) IP addressing
An IP address uniquely identifies a device on an IP network. Allocating,
recycling, and documenting IP addresses and subnets in a network can get confusing very
quickly if you have not laid out an IP addressing plan. A sound plan will help you prepare the
network foundation to support additional services such as unified communications, wireless
access, and enhanced network security. IP addressing is a Network Foundation service, which
makes it core to the network design. It provides the base for all other network and user services.
Without the foundation, it would not be possible to interact with network and user services, from
picking up the phone using the phone service to reading email using the email service.
By following recommended IP address management standards, you can avoid:
• Overlapping or duplicate subnets
• Unsummarized routes in the network
• Duplicate IP address device assignments
• Wasted IP address space
• Unnecessary complexity
Project 2: Explore Networking in the Cloud
University of Maryland Global Campus
CCA 625 Network Engineering
1. Internet Protocol (IP):
Internet protocol is the principle communication protocol in the internet protocol suite. It
helps in the relay of datagrams in across the boundaries of internet. Sending someone
information in the internet requires a correct address. Each device on the internet has an IP
address that identifies it uniquely. Since BallotOnline will carry most of the operations online,
they will definitely use internet protocol in their networking.
a) Packet Switching
Packet switching is a connectionless network switching technique. Here, the message
is divided and grouped into a number of units called packets that are individually routed from the
source to the destination. There is no need to establish a dedicated circuit for communication.
Each packet in a packet switching technique has two parts: a header and a payload. The
header contains the addressing information of the packet and is used by the intermediate routers
to direct it towards its destination. The payload carries the actual data.
A packet is transmitted as soon as it is available in a node, based upon its header
information. The packets of a message are not routed via the same path. So, the packets in the
message arrives in the destination out of order. It is the responsibility of the destination to reorder
the packets in order to retrieve the original message.
The process is diagrammatically represented in the following figure. Here the message comprises
of four packets, A, B, C and D, which may follow different routes from the sender to the receiver.
,Advantages and Disadvantages of Packet Switching
Advantages
Delay in delivery of packets is less since packets are sent as soon as they are available.
Switching devices don’t require massive storage, since they don’t have to store the entire
messages before forwarding them to the next node.
Data delivery can continue even if some parts of the network faces link failure. Packets
can be routed via other paths.
It allows simultaneous usage of the same channel by multiple users.
It ensures better bandwidth usage as a number of packets from multiple sources can be
transferred via the same link.
, Disadvantages
They are unsuitable for applications that cannot afford delays in communication like high
quality voice calls.
Packet switching high installation costs.
They require complex protocols for delivery.
Network problems may introduce errors in packets, delay in delivery of packets or loss of
packets. If not properly handled, this may lead to loss of critical information.
b) IP addressing
An IP address uniquely identifies a device on an IP network. Allocating,
recycling, and documenting IP addresses and subnets in a network can get confusing very
quickly if you have not laid out an IP addressing plan. A sound plan will help you prepare the
network foundation to support additional services such as unified communications, wireless
access, and enhanced network security. IP addressing is a Network Foundation service, which
makes it core to the network design. It provides the base for all other network and user services.
Without the foundation, it would not be possible to interact with network and user services, from
picking up the phone using the phone service to reading email using the email service.
By following recommended IP address management standards, you can avoid:
• Overlapping or duplicate subnets
• Unsummarized routes in the network
• Duplicate IP address device assignments
• Wasted IP address space
• Unnecessary complexity
