Earthquakes & Tsunamis
Topic Outline c. Faults
I. earthquake A crack or a break in Earth’s crust where
a. Types of Earthquakes movement can happen.
b. Parts of an Earthquake
c. Faults
d. Intensity vs. Magnitude
e. Earthquake Hazards
f. Earthquake Preparedness
ii. Tsunami
a. Tsunami Alert Levels
b. Tsunami Preparedness
Normal Fault
i. earthquake
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth
caused by sudden movement of rocks beneath
the surface.
a. Types of Earthquakes
Tectonic earthquake The HW goes down while the FW goes up
Caused by tension
caused by the sudeden movement of the
Earth’s tectonic plates along faults Reverse Fault
volcanic earthqauke
caused by the magma moving beneath a
volcano
b. Parts of an Earthquake
Seismic waves
Energy waves that travel through the Earth The HW goes up while the FW goes down
Caused by compression
tectonic plates
Strike Slip Fault
Large moving plates of the Earth’s crust
Epicenter
The point on Earth’s surface above the focus
focus (hypocenter)
The exact point in the Earth where the
earthquake begins
The plates move slide past eachother
PAGE 1
, Oblique Fault IX. - buildings get severe
Devastating damage/destroyed
ground visibly cracks
large landslides
X. - almost all structures destroyed
Completely massive ground movement
Devastating major landscape changes
magnitude
magnitude is a quantitative measure of an
The plates can move up and down, and can slide earthquake’s strength
past each other refers to the amount of energy released
scale
d. Intensity vs. Magnitude
Magni. Description Effects
2.0- Micro not felt
intensity only recorded by
intensity is the perceptible strength of an seiemographs
earthquake in an area 2.0-2.9 Minor slightly felt
refers to the amount of damage caused by no damage
the earthquake 3.0-3.9 felt
shaking indoor objects
scale felt by most people in the
4.0-4.9 Light
area
Scale Description
no to minimal damage
I. - Scarcely barely felt rattling noises are heard
Perceptible water moves slightly
felt by everyone in the area
5.0-5.9 Moderate
II. - Slightly felt by people at rest may cause damage to
Felt hanging objects move a little structures
III. - Weak felt by many people indoors felt within 100km
6.0-6.9 Strong
felt vibrations strong to violent shaking
hanging objects sway may building are damaged
IV. - felt by many people indoors felt inlarge areas
7.0-7.9 Major
Moderately windows, doors, dishes rattle some building collapse
Strong parked cars rock slightly
8.0-8.9 Great felt in extremely large
V. - Strong felt by most people areas
minor damage to weak structures building are destroyed
near to total destruction
9.0-9.9
VI. - Very people have difficulty standing all buildings collapse
Strong heavy objects move permanent changes on
slight damage to structures ground
noticable tree shaking 10.0+ Epic never been recorded
VII. - hard to stand up
Destructive moderate damage to well built
structures
poor-built structures are
damages heavily
possible landslides
VIII. - many buildings are heavily
Very damaged
Destructive bridges and towers may tilt/fall
ground cracks are possible
trees shake violently
page 2
Topic Outline c. Faults
I. earthquake A crack or a break in Earth’s crust where
a. Types of Earthquakes movement can happen.
b. Parts of an Earthquake
c. Faults
d. Intensity vs. Magnitude
e. Earthquake Hazards
f. Earthquake Preparedness
ii. Tsunami
a. Tsunami Alert Levels
b. Tsunami Preparedness
Normal Fault
i. earthquake
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth
caused by sudden movement of rocks beneath
the surface.
a. Types of Earthquakes
Tectonic earthquake The HW goes down while the FW goes up
Caused by tension
caused by the sudeden movement of the
Earth’s tectonic plates along faults Reverse Fault
volcanic earthqauke
caused by the magma moving beneath a
volcano
b. Parts of an Earthquake
Seismic waves
Energy waves that travel through the Earth The HW goes up while the FW goes down
Caused by compression
tectonic plates
Strike Slip Fault
Large moving plates of the Earth’s crust
Epicenter
The point on Earth’s surface above the focus
focus (hypocenter)
The exact point in the Earth where the
earthquake begins
The plates move slide past eachother
PAGE 1
, Oblique Fault IX. - buildings get severe
Devastating damage/destroyed
ground visibly cracks
large landslides
X. - almost all structures destroyed
Completely massive ground movement
Devastating major landscape changes
magnitude
magnitude is a quantitative measure of an
The plates can move up and down, and can slide earthquake’s strength
past each other refers to the amount of energy released
scale
d. Intensity vs. Magnitude
Magni. Description Effects
2.0- Micro not felt
intensity only recorded by
intensity is the perceptible strength of an seiemographs
earthquake in an area 2.0-2.9 Minor slightly felt
refers to the amount of damage caused by no damage
the earthquake 3.0-3.9 felt
shaking indoor objects
scale felt by most people in the
4.0-4.9 Light
area
Scale Description
no to minimal damage
I. - Scarcely barely felt rattling noises are heard
Perceptible water moves slightly
felt by everyone in the area
5.0-5.9 Moderate
II. - Slightly felt by people at rest may cause damage to
Felt hanging objects move a little structures
III. - Weak felt by many people indoors felt within 100km
6.0-6.9 Strong
felt vibrations strong to violent shaking
hanging objects sway may building are damaged
IV. - felt by many people indoors felt inlarge areas
7.0-7.9 Major
Moderately windows, doors, dishes rattle some building collapse
Strong parked cars rock slightly
8.0-8.9 Great felt in extremely large
V. - Strong felt by most people areas
minor damage to weak structures building are destroyed
near to total destruction
9.0-9.9
VI. - Very people have difficulty standing all buildings collapse
Strong heavy objects move permanent changes on
slight damage to structures ground
noticable tree shaking 10.0+ Epic never been recorded
VII. - hard to stand up
Destructive moderate damage to well built
structures
poor-built structures are
damages heavily
possible landslides
VIII. - many buildings are heavily
Very damaged
Destructive bridges and towers may tilt/fall
ground cracks are possible
trees shake violently
page 2
