TEST BANK
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOBIOLOGY
11th Edition
,Table Of Contents
Chapter 01 Properties And Overview Of Immune Responses 1
Chapter 02 Cells And Tissues Of The Immune System 3
Chapter 03 Leukocyte Circulation And Migration Into Tissues 6
Chapter 04 Innate Immunity 10
Chapter 05 Antibodies And Antigens 17
Chapter 06 Antigen Presentation To T Lymphocytes And The Functions Of Major
Histocompatibility Complex Molecules 20
Chapter 07 Immune Receptors And Signal Transduction 27
Chapter 08 Lymphocyte Development And Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement 30
Chapter 09 Activation Of T Lymphocytes 34
Chapter 10 Differentiation And Functions Of CD4+ Effector T Cells 38
Chapter 11 Differentiation And Functions Of CD8+ Effector T Cells 42
Chapter 12 B Cell Activation And Antibody Production 46
Chapter 13 Effector Mechanisms Of Humoral Immunity 52
Chapter 14 Specialized Immunity At Epithelial Barriers And In Immune Privileged Tissues 56
Chapter 15 Immunologic Tolerance And Autoimmunity 62
Chapter 16 Immunity To Microbes 67
Chapter 17 Transplantation Immunology 72
Chapter 18 Tumor Immunology 77
Chapter 19 Hypersensitivity Disorders 81
Chapter 20 Allergy 86
Chapter 21 Primary And Acquired Immunodeficiencies 89
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,Chapter 01: Properties And Overview Of Immune Responses
Abbas, Lichtman, And Pillai: Cellular And Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The Principal Function Of The Immune System Is:
a. Defense Against Cancer
b. Repair Of Injured Tissues
c. Defense Against Microbial Infections
d. Prevention Of Inflammatory Diseases
e. Protection Against Environmental Toxins
ANS: C
The Immune System Has Evolved In The Setting Of Selective Pressures Imposed By
Microbial Infections. Although Immune Responses To Cancer May Occur, The Concept That
―Immunosurveillance‖ Against Cancer Is A Principal Function Of The Immune System Is
Controversial. Repair Of Injured Tissues May Be A Secondary Consequence Of The Immune
Responses And Inflammation. Although The Immune System Has Regulatory Features That
Are Needed To Prevent Excessive Inflammation, Prevention Of Inflammatory Diseases Is Not
A Primary Function. The Immune System Can Protect Against Microbial Toxins, But It
Generally Does Not Offer Protection Against Toxins Of Nonbiologic Origin.
2. Which Of The Following Infectious Diseases Was Prevented By The First
Successful Vaccination?
a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Tetanus
e. Rubella
ANS: C
In 1798, Edward Jenner Reported The First Intentional Successful Vaccination, Which Was
Against Smallpox In A Boy, Using Material From The Cowpox Pustules Of A Milkmaid. In
1980, Smallpox Was Reported To Be Eradicated Worldwide By A Vaccination Program.
Effective Vaccines Against Tetanus Toxin, Rubella Virus, And Poliovirus Were Developed
In The 20th Century And Are Widely Used. There Is No Effective Vaccine Against
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
3. Which Of The Following Is A Unique Property Of The Adaptive Immune System?
a. Highly Diverse Repertoire Of Specificities For Antigens
b. Self-Nonself Discrimination
c. Recognition Of Microbial Structures By Both Cell-Associated And Soluble Receptors
d. Protection Against Viral Infections
e. Responses That Have The Same Kinetics And Magnitude On Repeated Exposure
To The Same Microbe
ANS: A
, Highly Diverse Repertoires Of Specificities For Antigens Are Found Only In T And B
Lymphocytes, Which Are The Central Cellular Components Of The Adaptive Immune
System. Both The Innate And The Adaptive Immune Systems Use Cell-Associated And
Soluble Receptors To Recognize Microbes, Display Some Degree Of Self-Nonself
Discrimination, And Protect Against Viruses. On Repeated Exposure To The Same
Microbe, The Adaptive Immune Response Becomes More Rapid And Of Greater
Magnitude; This Is The Manifestation Of Memory.
4. Antibodies And T Lymphocytes Are The Respective Mediators Of Which Two
Types Of Immunity?
a. Innate And Adaptive
b. Passive And Active
c. Specific And Nonspecific
d. Humoral And Cell-Mediated
e. Adult And Neonatal
ANS: D
Both B And T Lymphocytes Are Principal Components Of Adaptive Immunity. B
Lymphocytes Produce Antibodies, Which Are The Recognition And Effector Molecules Of
Humoral Immune Responses To Extracellular Pathogens. T Cells Recognize And Promote
Eradication Of Intracellular Pathogens In Cell-Mediated Immunity. Passive And Active
Immunity Both Can Be Mediated By Either B Or T Lymphocytes. Specific Immunity Is
Another Term For Adaptive Immunity. Both B And T Lymphocytes Participate In Adult
Adaptive Immunity But Are Still Developing In The Neonatal Period.
5. The Two Major Functional Classes Of Effector T Lymphocytes Are:
a. Helper T Lymphocytes And Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
b. Natural Killer Cells And Cytowtowxw
ic.Ttlbsm
ymph.Ow
cystes
c. Memory T Cells And Effector T Cells
d. Helper Cells And Antigen-Presenting Cells
e. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes And Target Cells
ANS: A
T Cells Can Be Classified Into Effector Subsets That Perform Different Effector Functions.
Most Effector T Cells Are Either Helper T Lymphocytes, Which Enhance The Responses
Of Other Immune Cells, Including Phagocytes And B Cells, To Infections, Or Cytotoxic T
Lymphocytes, Which Directly Kill Infected Cells. Natural Killer Cells Are Not T
Lymphocytes.
Antigen-Presenting Cells Usually Are Not T Cells. Memory T Cells Are Not Effector T Cells.
6. Which Of The Following Cell Types Is Required For All Adaptive Humoral Immune
Responses?
a. Natural Killer Cells
b. Dendritic Cells
c. Cytolytic T Lymphocytes
d. B Lymphocytes
e. Helper T Lymphocytes
ANS: D
Humoral Immune Responses Are Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses, And All
Antibodies Are Made By B Lymphocytes And No Other Cell Type.
,Chapter 02: Cells And Tissues Of The Immune System
Abbas, Lichtman, And Pillai: Cellular And Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Of The Following Is The Generative (Primary) Lymphoid Organ For T Lymphocytes?
a. Bone Marrow
b. Spleen
c. Lymph Node
d. Thymus
e. Tonsil
ANS: D
Generative (Primary) Lymphoid Organs Are The Organs Where Lymphocytes First Express
Antigen Receptors And Attain Functional Maturity. Although T Cell Precursors Arise In
The Bone Marrow, These Precursors Migrate To The Thymus, Where Maturation Takes
Place. In Contrast, B Cells Mature In The Bone Marrow. Spleen, Lymph Node, And Tonsil
Are Secondary Lymphoid Organs Populated By Mature B And T Cells.
2. Which Of The Following Statements About Tissue-Resident Macrophages Is Correct?
a. They Are All Derived From Blood Monocytes That Enter Tissues During Infections
b. Many Of These Cells First Populate Tissues During Fetal Development
c. They Differentiate From Different Kinds Of Epithelial Cells In Each Tissue
d. They Constantly Recirculate Between Different Tissues
e. They Are Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells That Activate Naive T Cells That
Migrate Into WWW.TBSM.WS
Tissues
ANS: B
Many Tissue-Resident Macrophages Are Derived From Fetal Yolk Sac And Fetal Liver
Precursors And Establish Residence In The Different Tissues During Fetal Development.
Other Tissue-Resident Macrophages Are Derived From Bone Marrow–Derived Blood
Monocytes That Enter Tissues Under Normal Conditions Or During Infections. Epithelial
Cells Do Not Differentiate Into Macrophages. Once In The Tissue, Tissue-Resident
Macrophages Cells Do Not Leave To Recirculate. Naive T Cells Do Not Usually Enter
Non-Lymphoid Tissues, And Tissue-Resident Macrophages Have No Role In Presenting
Antigen To Naive T Cells.
3. Which Type Of Leukocyte Is The Most Abundant In The Blood Of A Healthy Adult?
a. Monocytes
b. B Lymphocytes
c. T Lymphocytes
d. Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
e. Basophils
ANS: D
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (Or Neutrophils) Are The Most Abundant Blood Leukocyte (~
4,000/Mm3), About Twice The Number Of B And T Lymphocytes Combined.
4. Which Of The Following Is A Feature Of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells (Frcs)?
a. They Line The Lumens Of Lymphatics Entering Lymph Nodes
, b. They Are Derived From Hematopoietic Precursors
c. They Play A Critical Role In Establishing Where Lymphocytes Are Located In
Lymph Nodes
d. They Secrete Cytokines That Stimulate T Cell Proliferation
e. They Are Phagocytic Cells Of Innate Immunity That Kill Microbes
ANS: C
Frcs Are Mesenchymal-Derived (Not Haematopoietically-Derived) Cells With Properties Of
Muscle And Fibroblast (Myofibroblasts) That Drive Formation Of Secondary Lymphoid
Organs During Embryonic Development And Contribute To The Anatomic Segregation And
Movement Of Lymphocytes And Dendritic Cells In Secondary Lymphoid Organs. They Are
Not Phagocytic, Have No Direct Antimicrobial Effector Functions, Do Not Secrete IL-2 Or
Other T Cell Growth Factors, And Do Not Line Lumens Of Lymphatics.
5. Which Type Of Cell Is Most Important In Capturing Protein Antigens Of Microbes That
Enter Through Epithelial Barriers And Presenting Them To Naive T Cells In Secondary
Lymphoid Organs?
a. Classical Dendritic Cells
b. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
c. Plasma Cells
d. Macrophages
e. Follicular Dendritic Cells
ANS: A
Classical (Or Conventional) Dendritic Cells (Dcs) Are The Main Cell Type That Brings
Microbial Antigens From Infected Tissues Into Draining Lymph Nodes And Presents
Peptides Derived From These Antigens To Naive T Cells Twhw
atwc.
Irctub
lastemt.
Howus
gh The Lymph
Nodes. Plasmacytoid Dcs
Secrete Type 1 Interferons In Response To Viral Infection. Plasma Cells Are Antibody-
Secreting
Cells Derived From B Cells And Do Not Present Antigen To T Cells. Macrophages Can
Present Antigen To Effector T Cells, But They Are Not Efficient Activators Of Naive T
Cells. Follicular Dendritic Cells Display Antigens To B Cells On Lymphoid Follicles.
MATCHING
Questions 6-10
Match Each Of The Descriptions In Questions 6-10 With The Appropriate Name (A-M)
Of An Anatomic Feature Of Lymphoid Tissues.
A. Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath
B. Thymic Medulla
C. Thymic Cortex
D. Parafollicular Cortex Of Lymph Node
E. Hematopoietic Bone Marrow
F. Afferent Lymphatic
G. Efferent Lymphatic
H. Marginal Zone
I. Red Pulp Of Spleen
J. White Pulp Of Spleen
, K. Epidermis
L. Dermis
M. Peyer’s Patch
6. Location Of Most T Lymphocytes In The
Spleen ANS:
A
The Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath Surrounds The Central Arteries In The Spleen And Is
The T Cell Zone In This Organ.
7. Vessels That Drain Lymph Away From A Lymph
Node ANS:
G
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Drain Lymph Away From Lymph Nodes; Afferent Vessels
Drain Lymph Into Lymph Nodes.
8. Site Of Least Mature T Cell Precursors In The
Thymus ANS:
C
Bone Marrow–Derived T Cell Precursors First Enter The Thymic Cortex And Migrate Into
The Medulla As They BecomeWWW.TBSM.WS
More Mature.
9. Location Of Langerhans
Cells ANS:
K
Langerhans Cells Are Dendritic Cells In The Epidermis Of The Skin That Develop From Fetal
Macrophages.
10. Lymphoid Aggregate Of The Mucosal Immune
System ANS:
M
Peyer’s Patches Are B Cell–Rich Lymphoid Aggregates Located In The Submucosa Of The
Small Intestine.
,Chapter 03: Leukocyte Circulation And Migration Into Tissues
Abbas, Lichtman, And Pillai: Cellular And Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In Naive T Cell Recirculation, Entry Of The Cells Into Lymph Nodes Occurs Through
Which Specialized Vessel?
a. Efferent Lymphatic
b. Thoracic Duct
c. Central Artery
d. High Endothelial Venule
e. Sinusoid
ANS: D
The High Endothelial Venule Is A Specialized Vessel In The Lymph Node Paracortex That
Expresses Adhesion Molecules That Mediate The Binding And Transmigration Of Naive T
Cells Into Lymph Node Tissue. The Efferent Lymphatic Is A Route Of Exit Of T Cells
From The Lymph Node. The Thoracic Duct Is A Major Site Of Drainage Of Lymph Back
Into The Blood Circulation. A Central Artery Is A Vessel In The Spleen Around Which Are
T Cell Lymphoid Aggregates (Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath). Sinusoids Are Blood
Channels In The Spleen Lined By Fenestrated Endothelium And Phagocytic Cells.
2. Which Of The Following Binds To The Integrin VLA-4, Promoting T Cell
Recruitment Into Inflammatory Sites?
a. B7-1, B7-2
b. Class II MHC WWW.TBSM.WS
c. LFA-3
d. VCAM-1
e. Sialylated Lewis X
ANS: D
VLA-4, An Integrin Expressed On T Cells, Binds To VCAM-1, An Ig Superfamily Member
Expressed On Activated Endothelium. VLA-4–VCAM-1 Interactions Promote T Cell
Recruitment Into Inflammatory Sites.
3. Which Of The Following Is Expressed On The Surface Leukocytes And Mediates Their
Rolling On Venular Endothelial Cells?
a. CCR7
b. B7-1
c. LFA-3
d. VCAM-1
e. Sialylated Lewis X
ANS: E
Sialylated Lewis X Is A Carbohydrate Structure On Glycoprotein Ligands Of Selectins
Expressed By Endothelial Cells (E-Selectin And P-Selectin) Or Leukocytes (L-Selectin).
Selectin Binding To Sialylated Lewis X Structures Mediates Leukocyte Rolling Interactions
With Activated Endothelium.
,MATCHING
Questions 4-8
For Each Description Of A Molecule Involved In Lymphocyte Migration In Questions 4-8,
Choose The Lettered Description (A-I) That Most Closely Matches It.
A. Peripheral Lymph Node Addressin
B. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
C. Integrin 41( (VLA-4)
D. E-Selectin
E. P-Selectin Ligand
F. CCR7
G. CXCR5
H. Madcam-1
I. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1)
4. This Molecule Binds Chemokines CCL19 And CCL21 And Is Involved In Naive T
Cell Migration Into Interfollicular Zones Of Lymph Nodes
ANS:
F
CCL19 And CCL21 Are The Chemokines That Bind To CCR7 On Naive T Lymphocytes And
Dendritic Cells And Direct Their Migration Into Lymph Nodes.
w Ww. tbsM . w s
5. The Expression Of This Molecul e is inDuced o n E n d ot h el i al Cells In Inflamed Tissues,
And It Mediates Rolling Of T Cells Along The Endothelial Surface
ANS:
D
E-Selectin Expression Is Induced On Endothelial Cells By Cytokines And Microbial
Products, And It Mediates Rolling Interactions Of T Cells And Other Leukocytes.
6. This Molecule Is Expressed On Activated Endothelium, Is A Member Of The
Immunoglobulin Superfamily, And Binds To 1 Integrins On Activated T Cells
ANS:
B
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) On Endothelial Cells Binds To The Integrin
LFA-1 On Activated T Cells.
7. This Vascular Addressin Binds To Integrins On T Cells And Mediates Their Homing To
Intestinal Mucosa
ANS:
H
, Madcam-1 Is Expressed On Vessels In The Intestine And Binds To 41 Integrins On
Gut-Homing T Cells.
8. This Receptor Is Expressed On Naive B Cells And Promotes Their Migration Into Lymph
Node Follicles
ANS:
G
CXCR5 Is A Chemokine Receptor On Naive B Cells That Binds Chemokines Made In
Lymphoid Follicles.
Questions 9-14
For Each Of The Following Descriptions (Questions 9-14) Of A Chemokine Or Chemokine
Receptor, Select The Chemokine Or Chemokine Receptor (A-G) That Most Closely Matches
It.
A. CXCL8 (IL-8)
B. CXCL10 (IP-10)
C. CCL19 (ELC)
D. CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E. CCR5
F. CXCR1
G. CXCL13
9. w Ww. tbsm.WS
Mediates Neutrophil Recruitmen t into Tissues
ANS:
A
Interleukin-8, A CXC Family Chemokine, Is One Of The Major Chemokines That Attracts
Neutrophils Into Tissues. Neutrophils Respond To Several Other CXC Chemokines But Not
CC Chemokines.
10. Binds To Interleukin-
8 ANS:
F
CXCR1, The Only CXCR Family Receptor Listed, Binds Interleukin-8, A CXC Family
Chemokine.
11. Binds Chemokines Important In T Cell Recruitment Into Peripheral Inflammatory
Sites ANS:
E
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOBIOLOGY
11th Edition
,Table Of Contents
Chapter 01 Properties And Overview Of Immune Responses 1
Chapter 02 Cells And Tissues Of The Immune System 3
Chapter 03 Leukocyte Circulation And Migration Into Tissues 6
Chapter 04 Innate Immunity 10
Chapter 05 Antibodies And Antigens 17
Chapter 06 Antigen Presentation To T Lymphocytes And The Functions Of Major
Histocompatibility Complex Molecules 20
Chapter 07 Immune Receptors And Signal Transduction 27
Chapter 08 Lymphocyte Development And Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement 30
Chapter 09 Activation Of T Lymphocytes 34
Chapter 10 Differentiation And Functions Of CD4+ Effector T Cells 38
Chapter 11 Differentiation And Functions Of CD8+ Effector T Cells 42
Chapter 12 B Cell Activation And Antibody Production 46
Chapter 13 Effector Mechanisms Of Humoral Immunity 52
Chapter 14 Specialized Immunity At Epithelial Barriers And In Immune Privileged Tissues 56
Chapter 15 Immunologic Tolerance And Autoimmunity 62
Chapter 16 Immunity To Microbes 67
Chapter 17 Transplantation Immunology 72
Chapter 18 Tumor Immunology 77
Chapter 19 Hypersensitivity Disorders 81
Chapter 20 Allergy 86
Chapter 21 Primary And Acquired Immunodeficiencies 89
Downloaded By: Jazmine2304 | Want To Earn £756
,Chapter 01: Properties And Overview Of Immune Responses
Abbas, Lichtman, And Pillai: Cellular And Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The Principal Function Of The Immune System Is:
a. Defense Against Cancer
b. Repair Of Injured Tissues
c. Defense Against Microbial Infections
d. Prevention Of Inflammatory Diseases
e. Protection Against Environmental Toxins
ANS: C
The Immune System Has Evolved In The Setting Of Selective Pressures Imposed By
Microbial Infections. Although Immune Responses To Cancer May Occur, The Concept That
―Immunosurveillance‖ Against Cancer Is A Principal Function Of The Immune System Is
Controversial. Repair Of Injured Tissues May Be A Secondary Consequence Of The Immune
Responses And Inflammation. Although The Immune System Has Regulatory Features That
Are Needed To Prevent Excessive Inflammation, Prevention Of Inflammatory Diseases Is Not
A Primary Function. The Immune System Can Protect Against Microbial Toxins, But It
Generally Does Not Offer Protection Against Toxins Of Nonbiologic Origin.
2. Which Of The Following Infectious Diseases Was Prevented By The First
Successful Vaccination?
a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Tetanus
e. Rubella
ANS: C
In 1798, Edward Jenner Reported The First Intentional Successful Vaccination, Which Was
Against Smallpox In A Boy, Using Material From The Cowpox Pustules Of A Milkmaid. In
1980, Smallpox Was Reported To Be Eradicated Worldwide By A Vaccination Program.
Effective Vaccines Against Tetanus Toxin, Rubella Virus, And Poliovirus Were Developed
In The 20th Century And Are Widely Used. There Is No Effective Vaccine Against
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
3. Which Of The Following Is A Unique Property Of The Adaptive Immune System?
a. Highly Diverse Repertoire Of Specificities For Antigens
b. Self-Nonself Discrimination
c. Recognition Of Microbial Structures By Both Cell-Associated And Soluble Receptors
d. Protection Against Viral Infections
e. Responses That Have The Same Kinetics And Magnitude On Repeated Exposure
To The Same Microbe
ANS: A
, Highly Diverse Repertoires Of Specificities For Antigens Are Found Only In T And B
Lymphocytes, Which Are The Central Cellular Components Of The Adaptive Immune
System. Both The Innate And The Adaptive Immune Systems Use Cell-Associated And
Soluble Receptors To Recognize Microbes, Display Some Degree Of Self-Nonself
Discrimination, And Protect Against Viruses. On Repeated Exposure To The Same
Microbe, The Adaptive Immune Response Becomes More Rapid And Of Greater
Magnitude; This Is The Manifestation Of Memory.
4. Antibodies And T Lymphocytes Are The Respective Mediators Of Which Two
Types Of Immunity?
a. Innate And Adaptive
b. Passive And Active
c. Specific And Nonspecific
d. Humoral And Cell-Mediated
e. Adult And Neonatal
ANS: D
Both B And T Lymphocytes Are Principal Components Of Adaptive Immunity. B
Lymphocytes Produce Antibodies, Which Are The Recognition And Effector Molecules Of
Humoral Immune Responses To Extracellular Pathogens. T Cells Recognize And Promote
Eradication Of Intracellular Pathogens In Cell-Mediated Immunity. Passive And Active
Immunity Both Can Be Mediated By Either B Or T Lymphocytes. Specific Immunity Is
Another Term For Adaptive Immunity. Both B And T Lymphocytes Participate In Adult
Adaptive Immunity But Are Still Developing In The Neonatal Period.
5. The Two Major Functional Classes Of Effector T Lymphocytes Are:
a. Helper T Lymphocytes And Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
b. Natural Killer Cells And Cytowtowxw
ic.Ttlbsm
ymph.Ow
cystes
c. Memory T Cells And Effector T Cells
d. Helper Cells And Antigen-Presenting Cells
e. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes And Target Cells
ANS: A
T Cells Can Be Classified Into Effector Subsets That Perform Different Effector Functions.
Most Effector T Cells Are Either Helper T Lymphocytes, Which Enhance The Responses
Of Other Immune Cells, Including Phagocytes And B Cells, To Infections, Or Cytotoxic T
Lymphocytes, Which Directly Kill Infected Cells. Natural Killer Cells Are Not T
Lymphocytes.
Antigen-Presenting Cells Usually Are Not T Cells. Memory T Cells Are Not Effector T Cells.
6. Which Of The Following Cell Types Is Required For All Adaptive Humoral Immune
Responses?
a. Natural Killer Cells
b. Dendritic Cells
c. Cytolytic T Lymphocytes
d. B Lymphocytes
e. Helper T Lymphocytes
ANS: D
Humoral Immune Responses Are Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses, And All
Antibodies Are Made By B Lymphocytes And No Other Cell Type.
,Chapter 02: Cells And Tissues Of The Immune System
Abbas, Lichtman, And Pillai: Cellular And Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Of The Following Is The Generative (Primary) Lymphoid Organ For T Lymphocytes?
a. Bone Marrow
b. Spleen
c. Lymph Node
d. Thymus
e. Tonsil
ANS: D
Generative (Primary) Lymphoid Organs Are The Organs Where Lymphocytes First Express
Antigen Receptors And Attain Functional Maturity. Although T Cell Precursors Arise In
The Bone Marrow, These Precursors Migrate To The Thymus, Where Maturation Takes
Place. In Contrast, B Cells Mature In The Bone Marrow. Spleen, Lymph Node, And Tonsil
Are Secondary Lymphoid Organs Populated By Mature B And T Cells.
2. Which Of The Following Statements About Tissue-Resident Macrophages Is Correct?
a. They Are All Derived From Blood Monocytes That Enter Tissues During Infections
b. Many Of These Cells First Populate Tissues During Fetal Development
c. They Differentiate From Different Kinds Of Epithelial Cells In Each Tissue
d. They Constantly Recirculate Between Different Tissues
e. They Are Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells That Activate Naive T Cells That
Migrate Into WWW.TBSM.WS
Tissues
ANS: B
Many Tissue-Resident Macrophages Are Derived From Fetal Yolk Sac And Fetal Liver
Precursors And Establish Residence In The Different Tissues During Fetal Development.
Other Tissue-Resident Macrophages Are Derived From Bone Marrow–Derived Blood
Monocytes That Enter Tissues Under Normal Conditions Or During Infections. Epithelial
Cells Do Not Differentiate Into Macrophages. Once In The Tissue, Tissue-Resident
Macrophages Cells Do Not Leave To Recirculate. Naive T Cells Do Not Usually Enter
Non-Lymphoid Tissues, And Tissue-Resident Macrophages Have No Role In Presenting
Antigen To Naive T Cells.
3. Which Type Of Leukocyte Is The Most Abundant In The Blood Of A Healthy Adult?
a. Monocytes
b. B Lymphocytes
c. T Lymphocytes
d. Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
e. Basophils
ANS: D
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (Or Neutrophils) Are The Most Abundant Blood Leukocyte (~
4,000/Mm3), About Twice The Number Of B And T Lymphocytes Combined.
4. Which Of The Following Is A Feature Of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells (Frcs)?
a. They Line The Lumens Of Lymphatics Entering Lymph Nodes
, b. They Are Derived From Hematopoietic Precursors
c. They Play A Critical Role In Establishing Where Lymphocytes Are Located In
Lymph Nodes
d. They Secrete Cytokines That Stimulate T Cell Proliferation
e. They Are Phagocytic Cells Of Innate Immunity That Kill Microbes
ANS: C
Frcs Are Mesenchymal-Derived (Not Haematopoietically-Derived) Cells With Properties Of
Muscle And Fibroblast (Myofibroblasts) That Drive Formation Of Secondary Lymphoid
Organs During Embryonic Development And Contribute To The Anatomic Segregation And
Movement Of Lymphocytes And Dendritic Cells In Secondary Lymphoid Organs. They Are
Not Phagocytic, Have No Direct Antimicrobial Effector Functions, Do Not Secrete IL-2 Or
Other T Cell Growth Factors, And Do Not Line Lumens Of Lymphatics.
5. Which Type Of Cell Is Most Important In Capturing Protein Antigens Of Microbes That
Enter Through Epithelial Barriers And Presenting Them To Naive T Cells In Secondary
Lymphoid Organs?
a. Classical Dendritic Cells
b. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
c. Plasma Cells
d. Macrophages
e. Follicular Dendritic Cells
ANS: A
Classical (Or Conventional) Dendritic Cells (Dcs) Are The Main Cell Type That Brings
Microbial Antigens From Infected Tissues Into Draining Lymph Nodes And Presents
Peptides Derived From These Antigens To Naive T Cells Twhw
atwc.
Irctub
lastemt.
Howus
gh The Lymph
Nodes. Plasmacytoid Dcs
Secrete Type 1 Interferons In Response To Viral Infection. Plasma Cells Are Antibody-
Secreting
Cells Derived From B Cells And Do Not Present Antigen To T Cells. Macrophages Can
Present Antigen To Effector T Cells, But They Are Not Efficient Activators Of Naive T
Cells. Follicular Dendritic Cells Display Antigens To B Cells On Lymphoid Follicles.
MATCHING
Questions 6-10
Match Each Of The Descriptions In Questions 6-10 With The Appropriate Name (A-M)
Of An Anatomic Feature Of Lymphoid Tissues.
A. Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath
B. Thymic Medulla
C. Thymic Cortex
D. Parafollicular Cortex Of Lymph Node
E. Hematopoietic Bone Marrow
F. Afferent Lymphatic
G. Efferent Lymphatic
H. Marginal Zone
I. Red Pulp Of Spleen
J. White Pulp Of Spleen
, K. Epidermis
L. Dermis
M. Peyer’s Patch
6. Location Of Most T Lymphocytes In The
Spleen ANS:
A
The Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath Surrounds The Central Arteries In The Spleen And Is
The T Cell Zone In This Organ.
7. Vessels That Drain Lymph Away From A Lymph
Node ANS:
G
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Drain Lymph Away From Lymph Nodes; Afferent Vessels
Drain Lymph Into Lymph Nodes.
8. Site Of Least Mature T Cell Precursors In The
Thymus ANS:
C
Bone Marrow–Derived T Cell Precursors First Enter The Thymic Cortex And Migrate Into
The Medulla As They BecomeWWW.TBSM.WS
More Mature.
9. Location Of Langerhans
Cells ANS:
K
Langerhans Cells Are Dendritic Cells In The Epidermis Of The Skin That Develop From Fetal
Macrophages.
10. Lymphoid Aggregate Of The Mucosal Immune
System ANS:
M
Peyer’s Patches Are B Cell–Rich Lymphoid Aggregates Located In The Submucosa Of The
Small Intestine.
,Chapter 03: Leukocyte Circulation And Migration Into Tissues
Abbas, Lichtman, And Pillai: Cellular And Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In Naive T Cell Recirculation, Entry Of The Cells Into Lymph Nodes Occurs Through
Which Specialized Vessel?
a. Efferent Lymphatic
b. Thoracic Duct
c. Central Artery
d. High Endothelial Venule
e. Sinusoid
ANS: D
The High Endothelial Venule Is A Specialized Vessel In The Lymph Node Paracortex That
Expresses Adhesion Molecules That Mediate The Binding And Transmigration Of Naive T
Cells Into Lymph Node Tissue. The Efferent Lymphatic Is A Route Of Exit Of T Cells
From The Lymph Node. The Thoracic Duct Is A Major Site Of Drainage Of Lymph Back
Into The Blood Circulation. A Central Artery Is A Vessel In The Spleen Around Which Are
T Cell Lymphoid Aggregates (Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath). Sinusoids Are Blood
Channels In The Spleen Lined By Fenestrated Endothelium And Phagocytic Cells.
2. Which Of The Following Binds To The Integrin VLA-4, Promoting T Cell
Recruitment Into Inflammatory Sites?
a. B7-1, B7-2
b. Class II MHC WWW.TBSM.WS
c. LFA-3
d. VCAM-1
e. Sialylated Lewis X
ANS: D
VLA-4, An Integrin Expressed On T Cells, Binds To VCAM-1, An Ig Superfamily Member
Expressed On Activated Endothelium. VLA-4–VCAM-1 Interactions Promote T Cell
Recruitment Into Inflammatory Sites.
3. Which Of The Following Is Expressed On The Surface Leukocytes And Mediates Their
Rolling On Venular Endothelial Cells?
a. CCR7
b. B7-1
c. LFA-3
d. VCAM-1
e. Sialylated Lewis X
ANS: E
Sialylated Lewis X Is A Carbohydrate Structure On Glycoprotein Ligands Of Selectins
Expressed By Endothelial Cells (E-Selectin And P-Selectin) Or Leukocytes (L-Selectin).
Selectin Binding To Sialylated Lewis X Structures Mediates Leukocyte Rolling Interactions
With Activated Endothelium.
,MATCHING
Questions 4-8
For Each Description Of A Molecule Involved In Lymphocyte Migration In Questions 4-8,
Choose The Lettered Description (A-I) That Most Closely Matches It.
A. Peripheral Lymph Node Addressin
B. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
C. Integrin 41( (VLA-4)
D. E-Selectin
E. P-Selectin Ligand
F. CCR7
G. CXCR5
H. Madcam-1
I. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1)
4. This Molecule Binds Chemokines CCL19 And CCL21 And Is Involved In Naive T
Cell Migration Into Interfollicular Zones Of Lymph Nodes
ANS:
F
CCL19 And CCL21 Are The Chemokines That Bind To CCR7 On Naive T Lymphocytes And
Dendritic Cells And Direct Their Migration Into Lymph Nodes.
w Ww. tbsM . w s
5. The Expression Of This Molecul e is inDuced o n E n d ot h el i al Cells In Inflamed Tissues,
And It Mediates Rolling Of T Cells Along The Endothelial Surface
ANS:
D
E-Selectin Expression Is Induced On Endothelial Cells By Cytokines And Microbial
Products, And It Mediates Rolling Interactions Of T Cells And Other Leukocytes.
6. This Molecule Is Expressed On Activated Endothelium, Is A Member Of The
Immunoglobulin Superfamily, And Binds To 1 Integrins On Activated T Cells
ANS:
B
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) On Endothelial Cells Binds To The Integrin
LFA-1 On Activated T Cells.
7. This Vascular Addressin Binds To Integrins On T Cells And Mediates Their Homing To
Intestinal Mucosa
ANS:
H
, Madcam-1 Is Expressed On Vessels In The Intestine And Binds To 41 Integrins On
Gut-Homing T Cells.
8. This Receptor Is Expressed On Naive B Cells And Promotes Their Migration Into Lymph
Node Follicles
ANS:
G
CXCR5 Is A Chemokine Receptor On Naive B Cells That Binds Chemokines Made In
Lymphoid Follicles.
Questions 9-14
For Each Of The Following Descriptions (Questions 9-14) Of A Chemokine Or Chemokine
Receptor, Select The Chemokine Or Chemokine Receptor (A-G) That Most Closely Matches
It.
A. CXCL8 (IL-8)
B. CXCL10 (IP-10)
C. CCL19 (ELC)
D. CCL11 (Eotaxin)
E. CCR5
F. CXCR1
G. CXCL13
9. w Ww. tbsm.WS
Mediates Neutrophil Recruitmen t into Tissues
ANS:
A
Interleukin-8, A CXC Family Chemokine, Is One Of The Major Chemokines That Attracts
Neutrophils Into Tissues. Neutrophils Respond To Several Other CXC Chemokines But Not
CC Chemokines.
10. Binds To Interleukin-
8 ANS:
F
CXCR1, The Only CXCR Family Receptor Listed, Binds Interleukin-8, A CXC Family
Chemokine.
11. Binds Chemokines Important In T Cell Recruitment Into Peripheral Inflammatory
Sites ANS:
E
