NSG 3280 Pathophysiology for Nurses Exam 3
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The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is
a. cerebral vasodilation.
b. hypernatremia.
c. respiratory hyperventilation.
d. REM sleep. - ANS-a. cerebral vasodilation
Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to
a. parasympathetic nervous system activation.
b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
c. autoregulation of body systems.
d. loss of brainstem reflexes. - ANS-b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?
a. Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only.
b. Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally.
c. Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
d. No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing. - ANS-c. Assumes
decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in which:
a. injury is localized to the site of initial impact.
b. widespread neuronal damage is incurred.
c. bleeding from venules fills the subdural space.
d. focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles. - ANS-d. focal injuries occur in
two places at opposite poles.
Secondary injury after head trauma refers to:
a. brain injury resulting from the initial trauma.
b. focal areas of bleeding.
c. brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage.
d. injury as a result of medical therapy. - ANS-c. brain injury resulting from the body's
response to tissue damage.
An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be:
a. head elevation.
,b. free water restriction.
c. hypoventilation.
d. bed rest. - ANS-C. Hypoventilation
Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include:
a. atherosclerosis.
b. dysrhythmias.
c. acute hypertension.
d. sedentary lifestyle. - ANS-c. acute hypertension.
The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is:
a. intracranial hemorrhage.
b. intracranial thrombosis.
c. intracranial embolization.
d. cardiac arrest. - ANS-a. intracranial hemorrhage
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include:
a. cortical blindness.
b. right visual field blindness.
c. expressive and receptive aphasia.
d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect. - ANS-d. left-sided muscle weakness and
neglect.
The most important preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke is:
a. anticoagulation.
b. blood pressure control.
c. thrombolytics.
d. management of dysrhythmias. - ANS-B. blood pressure control.
In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on:
a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
b. risk factor modification.
c. prevention of and contractures spasticity.
d. neurologic rehabilitation. - ANS-a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular
function.
Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of:
a. embolic stroke.
b. subarachnoid hemorrhage.
c. subdural hemorrhage.
, d. meningitis. - ANS-B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Leakage of CS from the nose or ears is commonly associated with:
a. epidural hematoma.
b. temporal skull fracture.
c. basilar skull fracture.
d. cerebral aneurysm. - ANS-c. basilar skull fracture.
Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports:
a. ringing in the ears.
b. transient episodes of numbness.
c. transient episodes of vertigo.
d. sudden, severe headache. - ANS-D. sudden, severe headache
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually managed with volume expansion and blood
pressure support to enhance cerebral perfusion. This is necessary because
subarachnoid hemorrhage predisposes to:
a. cerebral vasospasm.
b. hypotension.
c. excessive volume loss.
d. decreased intracranial pressure. - ANS-a. cerebral vasospasm.
A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to
have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with:
a. encephalitis.
b. meningitis.
c. skull fracture.
d. cerebral ischemia. - ANS-b. meningitis
It is true that encephalitis is usually:
a. because of a bacterial infection in the CNS.
b. fatal.
c. because of a viral infection in brain cells.
d. asymptomatic. - ANS-c. because of a viral infection in brain cells.
It is true that epidural bleeding is:
a. associated with widespread vascular disruption.
b. located between the arachnoid and the dura mater.
c. usually because of venous leakage.
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The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is
a. cerebral vasodilation.
b. hypernatremia.
c. respiratory hyperventilation.
d. REM sleep. - ANS-a. cerebral vasodilation
Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to
a. parasympathetic nervous system activation.
b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
c. autoregulation of body systems.
d. loss of brainstem reflexes. - ANS-b. sympathetic nervous system activation.
Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?
a. Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only.
b. Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally.
c. Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
d. No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing. - ANS-c. Assumes
decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response.
Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in which:
a. injury is localized to the site of initial impact.
b. widespread neuronal damage is incurred.
c. bleeding from venules fills the subdural space.
d. focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles. - ANS-d. focal injuries occur in
two places at opposite poles.
Secondary injury after head trauma refers to:
a. brain injury resulting from the initial trauma.
b. focal areas of bleeding.
c. brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage.
d. injury as a result of medical therapy. - ANS-c. brain injury resulting from the body's
response to tissue damage.
An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be:
a. head elevation.
,b. free water restriction.
c. hypoventilation.
d. bed rest. - ANS-C. Hypoventilation
Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include:
a. atherosclerosis.
b. dysrhythmias.
c. acute hypertension.
d. sedentary lifestyle. - ANS-c. acute hypertension.
The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is:
a. intracranial hemorrhage.
b. intracranial thrombosis.
c. intracranial embolization.
d. cardiac arrest. - ANS-a. intracranial hemorrhage
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include:
a. cortical blindness.
b. right visual field blindness.
c. expressive and receptive aphasia.
d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect. - ANS-d. left-sided muscle weakness and
neglect.
The most important preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke is:
a. anticoagulation.
b. blood pressure control.
c. thrombolytics.
d. management of dysrhythmias. - ANS-B. blood pressure control.
In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on:
a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
b. risk factor modification.
c. prevention of and contractures spasticity.
d. neurologic rehabilitation. - ANS-a. stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular
function.
Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of:
a. embolic stroke.
b. subarachnoid hemorrhage.
c. subdural hemorrhage.
, d. meningitis. - ANS-B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Leakage of CS from the nose or ears is commonly associated with:
a. epidural hematoma.
b. temporal skull fracture.
c. basilar skull fracture.
d. cerebral aneurysm. - ANS-c. basilar skull fracture.
Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports:
a. ringing in the ears.
b. transient episodes of numbness.
c. transient episodes of vertigo.
d. sudden, severe headache. - ANS-D. sudden, severe headache
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually managed with volume expansion and blood
pressure support to enhance cerebral perfusion. This is necessary because
subarachnoid hemorrhage predisposes to:
a. cerebral vasospasm.
b. hypotension.
c. excessive volume loss.
d. decreased intracranial pressure. - ANS-a. cerebral vasospasm.
A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to
have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with:
a. encephalitis.
b. meningitis.
c. skull fracture.
d. cerebral ischemia. - ANS-b. meningitis
It is true that encephalitis is usually:
a. because of a bacterial infection in the CNS.
b. fatal.
c. because of a viral infection in brain cells.
d. asymptomatic. - ANS-c. because of a viral infection in brain cells.
It is true that epidural bleeding is:
a. associated with widespread vascular disruption.
b. located between the arachnoid and the dura mater.
c. usually because of venous leakage.
