1|Page
D236 Pathophysiology OA and PA Study Guide,
Western Governors University Nursing
Programs||Verified Exam!!||, 2026/2027-Question
Pathophysiology Examination with Verified
Solutions||Newest Exam!!!
What s/sx are associated with dehydration? - Answer-#Dry
mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an
elevated CO2 level and pH of 7.53. She is breathing
slowly. What condition does she have? - Answer-Metabolic
alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 levels are both elevated
(moving in the same direction). This indicates metabolic
alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
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system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by
exhaling less and retaining more CO2.
Normal CO2 level - Answer-35-45
Normal pH level - Answer-7.35-7.45
Normal HCO3 level - Answer-22-26
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis.
How does pH impact Michael's basal metabolic panel?
Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have
difficulty removing it from the bloodstream.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated
concentration of H+ makes it easier for Ca+ to bind to
albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have
difficulty adding it into the bloodstream.
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His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in
an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from
cells into the bloodstream. - Answer-His CO2 level is
increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it
from the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in
an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from
cells into the bloodstream.
A hormone panel was done on a patient with congestive
heart failure and fluid volume overload. Which elevated
hormone on the patient's chart is indicative of the body's
attempt to reduce the fluid overload?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin - Answer-BNP
BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present.
Normal sodium level - Answer-135-145
Hyponatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? -
Answer-Na < 135
Loss of energy or fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle spasms
Low blood pressure
Dark scanty urine
D236 Pathophysiology OA and PA Study Guide,
Western Governors University Nursing
Programs||Verified Exam!!||, 2026/2027-Question
Pathophysiology Examination with Verified
Solutions||Newest Exam!!!
What s/sx are associated with dehydration? - Answer-#Dry
mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an
elevated CO2 level and pH of 7.53. She is breathing
slowly. What condition does she have? - Answer-Metabolic
alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 levels are both elevated
(moving in the same direction). This indicates metabolic
alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
,2|Page
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by
exhaling less and retaining more CO2.
Normal CO2 level - Answer-35-45
Normal pH level - Answer-7.35-7.45
Normal HCO3 level - Answer-22-26
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis.
How does pH impact Michael's basal metabolic panel?
Choose 3 answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have
difficulty removing it from the bloodstream.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated
concentration of H+ makes it easier for Ca+ to bind to
albumin.
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have
difficulty adding it into the bloodstream.
,3|Page
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in
an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from
cells into the bloodstream. - Answer-His CO2 level is
increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it
from the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in
an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from
cells into the bloodstream.
A hormone panel was done on a patient with congestive
heart failure and fluid volume overload. Which elevated
hormone on the patient's chart is indicative of the body's
attempt to reduce the fluid overload?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
, 4|Page
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin - Answer-BNP
BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present.
Normal sodium level - Answer-135-145
Hyponatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? -
Answer-Na < 135
Loss of energy or fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Confusion
Muscle spasms
Low blood pressure
Dark scanty urine
