LETRS unit 1 session 1
According to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress, what
percentage of fourth-grade students have scored "basic" or "below basic" in
reading?
a. 33% of students nationally, equally split among white, African-American,
and Hispanic students
b. 23% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a
disproportionate amount
c. 50% nationally, with white students making up a disproportionate amount
d. 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a
disproportionate amount - d. 64% nationally, with African-American and
Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount
Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather, the ability to
understand what you read relies on multiple components. Once readers
become more skilled in word recognition, which of the following components
increase in their importance?
a. spelling and phonemic awareness
b. orthographic knowledge and background knowledge
c. cognates and syllable awareness
d. background knowledge and vocabulary - d. background knowledge and
vocabulary
Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has
evolved to process spoken and written language?
a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily
than alphabetic writing.
b. Our brains have evolved to process spoken and written language equally
well.
c. Our brains process spoken language and pictorial writing equally well, but
have not evolved to process alphabetic writing.
d. Our brains process spoken language extremely well, and we process
alphabetic writing surprisingly well given that it is a relatively recent
achievement. - a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much
more easily than alphabetic writing.
What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography?
a. Its spelling system is entirely phonetic.
b. Its spelling system shares many word roots with other languages.
c. Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as
sounds.
,d. Its spelling patterns have not been completely stable over time. - c. Its
spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds.
According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to
reading comprehension—word recognition or language comprehension?
a. Word recognition is much more important.
b. Language comprehension is much more important.
c. Word recognition is slightly more important.
d. Both are equally important. - d. Both are equally important.
LETRS Unit 1 Session 1
phonics Correct Ans ➡ the study of the relationships between letters
and the sounds they represent; also used as a descriptor for code-based
instruction
phonemic awareness Correct Ans ➡ the conscious awareness of the
individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and
the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds.
Five Essential Components of Reading Instruction Correct Ans ➡
Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
pictographs Correct Ans ➡ primitive writing system that directly
represented or made pictures of the intended meaning (hieroglyphics)
logographs Correct Ans ➡ writing system where symbols were used to
represent meanings rather than sound (Chinese radicals and Mayan gylphs)
syllabic symbols Correct Ans ➡ writing system that directly
represented whole syllables (cherokee)
alphabetic writing Correct Ans ➡ a system in which graphic signs
represent individual consonants and vowels, or phenomes
syllable Correct Ans ➡ a unit of pronunciation that is organized around
a vowel; it may or may not have a consonant after the vowel
morphemes Correct Ans ➡ The smallest units of meaning in a
language; meaningful parts of words; it may be a word or part of a word; it
may be a single sound (plural /s/); one syllable (suffix -ful) or multiple
syllables (prefix inter-)
orthography Correct Ans ➡ A writing system for representing language.
, shallow orthography Correct Ans ➡ the sound-symbol correspondences
in the alphabetic writing system are regular and predicable, with one sound
represented by one symbol or letter (Spanish)
deep orthography Correct Ans ➡ the sound-symbol correspondences in
the alphabetic writing system represent both morphemes (meaningful parts)
and speech sound (English)
morphophonemic Correct Ans ➡ a deep alphabetic writing system
organized by both "sound-symbol" correspondences and morphology (English
orthography falls under this category) Consider examples that share a
consistently spelled root or meaningful part (morpheme) but have different
pronunciations of the root: compress, compression (s, or sh) rite or ritual (t or
ch)
cognate Correct Ans ➡ a word in one language that shares a common
ancestor and meanings with a word from another language; promblema or
diagrama
metalinguistic awareness Correct Ans ➡ the ability to think about and
reflect on the structure of language itself The invention of the alphabet was
an achievement in metalinguistic awareness.
Simple View of Reading (SVR) Correct Ans ➡ word recognition x
language comprehension = reading comprehension
word recognition Correct Ans ➡ the accurate and fast retrieval of
decoded word forms; essential for the development of reading (SVR)
language comprehension Correct Ans ➡ listening comprehension or
the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of oral language
(SVR)
decoding Correct Ans ➡ The ability to translate a word from print to
speech, usually by employing knowledge of sound symbol correspondences;
also the act of deciphering a new word by sounding it out.
LETRS Unit 1 Session 2
Semantics Correct Ans ➡ The study of word and phrase meanings and
relationships
Morphology Correct Ans ➡ The study of meaningful units in a language
and how the units are combined in word formation
According to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress, what
percentage of fourth-grade students have scored "basic" or "below basic" in
reading?
a. 33% of students nationally, equally split among white, African-American,
and Hispanic students
b. 23% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a
disproportionate amount
c. 50% nationally, with white students making up a disproportionate amount
d. 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a
disproportionate amount - d. 64% nationally, with African-American and
Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount
Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather, the ability to
understand what you read relies on multiple components. Once readers
become more skilled in word recognition, which of the following components
increase in their importance?
a. spelling and phonemic awareness
b. orthographic knowledge and background knowledge
c. cognates and syllable awareness
d. background knowledge and vocabulary - d. background knowledge and
vocabulary
Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has
evolved to process spoken and written language?
a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily
than alphabetic writing.
b. Our brains have evolved to process spoken and written language equally
well.
c. Our brains process spoken language and pictorial writing equally well, but
have not evolved to process alphabetic writing.
d. Our brains process spoken language extremely well, and we process
alphabetic writing surprisingly well given that it is a relatively recent
achievement. - a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much
more easily than alphabetic writing.
What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography?
a. Its spelling system is entirely phonetic.
b. Its spelling system shares many word roots with other languages.
c. Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as
sounds.
,d. Its spelling patterns have not been completely stable over time. - c. Its
spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds.
According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to
reading comprehension—word recognition or language comprehension?
a. Word recognition is much more important.
b. Language comprehension is much more important.
c. Word recognition is slightly more important.
d. Both are equally important. - d. Both are equally important.
LETRS Unit 1 Session 1
phonics Correct Ans ➡ the study of the relationships between letters
and the sounds they represent; also used as a descriptor for code-based
instruction
phonemic awareness Correct Ans ➡ the conscious awareness of the
individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and
the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds.
Five Essential Components of Reading Instruction Correct Ans ➡
Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
pictographs Correct Ans ➡ primitive writing system that directly
represented or made pictures of the intended meaning (hieroglyphics)
logographs Correct Ans ➡ writing system where symbols were used to
represent meanings rather than sound (Chinese radicals and Mayan gylphs)
syllabic symbols Correct Ans ➡ writing system that directly
represented whole syllables (cherokee)
alphabetic writing Correct Ans ➡ a system in which graphic signs
represent individual consonants and vowels, or phenomes
syllable Correct Ans ➡ a unit of pronunciation that is organized around
a vowel; it may or may not have a consonant after the vowel
morphemes Correct Ans ➡ The smallest units of meaning in a
language; meaningful parts of words; it may be a word or part of a word; it
may be a single sound (plural /s/); one syllable (suffix -ful) or multiple
syllables (prefix inter-)
orthography Correct Ans ➡ A writing system for representing language.
, shallow orthography Correct Ans ➡ the sound-symbol correspondences
in the alphabetic writing system are regular and predicable, with one sound
represented by one symbol or letter (Spanish)
deep orthography Correct Ans ➡ the sound-symbol correspondences in
the alphabetic writing system represent both morphemes (meaningful parts)
and speech sound (English)
morphophonemic Correct Ans ➡ a deep alphabetic writing system
organized by both "sound-symbol" correspondences and morphology (English
orthography falls under this category) Consider examples that share a
consistently spelled root or meaningful part (morpheme) but have different
pronunciations of the root: compress, compression (s, or sh) rite or ritual (t or
ch)
cognate Correct Ans ➡ a word in one language that shares a common
ancestor and meanings with a word from another language; promblema or
diagrama
metalinguistic awareness Correct Ans ➡ the ability to think about and
reflect on the structure of language itself The invention of the alphabet was
an achievement in metalinguistic awareness.
Simple View of Reading (SVR) Correct Ans ➡ word recognition x
language comprehension = reading comprehension
word recognition Correct Ans ➡ the accurate and fast retrieval of
decoded word forms; essential for the development of reading (SVR)
language comprehension Correct Ans ➡ listening comprehension or
the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of oral language
(SVR)
decoding Correct Ans ➡ The ability to translate a word from print to
speech, usually by employing knowledge of sound symbol correspondences;
also the act of deciphering a new word by sounding it out.
LETRS Unit 1 Session 2
Semantics Correct Ans ➡ The study of word and phrase meanings and
relationships
Morphology Correct Ans ➡ The study of meaningful units in a language
and how the units are combined in word formation
