Davita Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in
hemodialysis -
correct answer ✅● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a
semipermeable membrane.
● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the
water across the semipermeable membrane. In this way,
convection adds to the clearance achieved through diffusion as
solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a
semipermeable membrane from the side with the higher
concentration to the side with the lower concentration. This
difference in solute concentration on each side of the membrane is
called concentration gradient. The higher the concentration
gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a
dissolved particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable
membrane, diffusion stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will
migrate from an area of high concentration to one of low
,Davita Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the
dissolved compounds (called solutes) will spread out until there is
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
What are the kidneys excretory functions -
correct answer ✅To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes,
provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration -
correct answer ✅Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion
and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate -
correct answer ✅Buffers the acid concentrate
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia -
correct answer ✅> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal
heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
,Davita Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia -
correct answer ✅< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis,
respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions -
correct answer ✅Renin secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D
Activation
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions -
correct answer ✅Provide medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis -
correct answer ✅15%
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? -
correct answer ✅Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to
kidney failure and affects all body systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? -
correct answer ✅Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
, Davita Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD -
correct answer ✅-slowing the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD -
correct answer ✅So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible
problems during data collection and assessment
Why is sodium balance important? -
correct answer ✅Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac
output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased
blood pressure
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance -
correct answer ✅Edema, hypertension, shortness of breath
Answers (Grade A+)
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in
hemodialysis -
correct answer ✅● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a
semipermeable membrane.
● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the
water across the semipermeable membrane. In this way,
convection adds to the clearance achieved through diffusion as
solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a
semipermeable membrane from the side with the higher
concentration to the side with the lower concentration. This
difference in solute concentration on each side of the membrane is
called concentration gradient. The higher the concentration
gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a
dissolved particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable
membrane, diffusion stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will
migrate from an area of high concentration to one of low
,Davita Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the
dissolved compounds (called solutes) will spread out until there is
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
What are the kidneys excretory functions -
correct answer ✅To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes,
provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration -
correct answer ✅Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion
and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate -
correct answer ✅Buffers the acid concentrate
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia -
correct answer ✅> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal
heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
,Davita Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia -
correct answer ✅< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis,
respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions -
correct answer ✅Renin secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D
Activation
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions -
correct answer ✅Provide medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis -
correct answer ✅15%
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? -
correct answer ✅Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to
kidney failure and affects all body systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? -
correct answer ✅Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
, Davita Final Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD -
correct answer ✅-slowing the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD -
correct answer ✅So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible
problems during data collection and assessment
Why is sodium balance important? -
correct answer ✅Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac
output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased
blood pressure
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance -
correct answer ✅Edema, hypertension, shortness of breath
