NR 571 MIDTERM GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE
LEARNING RESOURCE WITH CORRECT
ANSWER SET
◉ Normal ABI range.
Answer: 1-1.41
◉ Borderline ABI Value.
Answer: 0.91-0.99
◉ abnormal ABI values.
Answer: Less than or equal to 0.9
◉ Noncompressible arteries secondary to atherosclerosis.
Answer: ABI Greater than 1.4
◉ Treatment of acute limb ischemia.
Answer: -Unfractionated heparin immediately
-Keep limb dependent
-Fluid resuscitation if necessary
-Analgesia
,-Vascular surgery consult
◉ Pharmacologic treatment of PAD.
Answer: low dose rivaroxaban and aspirin
Cilostazol (Pletal)- phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilator and
antiplatelet properties
◉ Surgical treatment of PAD.
Answer: bypasses (aortoiliac, aortofemoral, axillofemoral); graft
sutured above and below the obstruction to allow for blood flow
◉ vericose veins.
Answer: Dilated, swollen veins that have lost their elasticity and
cause stasis, or decreased blood flow
◉ Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).
Answer: a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due
to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves
◉ vericose veins subjective complaints.
Answer: heaviness, throbbing, a pressure sensation, or a dull ache in
the legs after prolonged standing
burning
,pruritus
swelling
ulceration
cramping of the lower extremities
◉ vericose vein objective signs.
Answer: varicose veins
peripheral edema
stasis dermatitis
skin ulcers- typically occur near the ankle
◉ gold standard diagnostic test for CVD.
Answer: venous duplex ultrasonography
◉ A 72-year-old male with a past history of CAD, HTN, HLD, tobacco
use, and Type 2 DM presents to the ED with complaints of sudden
onset of severe pain to his left lower leg that started about two hours
earlier. Vital signs are as follows: BP 148/92, HR 105, T 99.1 F. Lab
work is notable for lactic acid of 3.4 and CBC with WBC count of
14,000. Physical exam reveals cool, pale LLE that is hairless and
smooth. Pedal pulses are absent with doppler ultrasound. The
patient does not have any sensation in his toes or his calf. Which of
the following is the suspected diagnosis?
a. diabetic neuropathy
, b. deep vein thrombosis
c. acute limb ischemia
d. peripheral artery disease.
Answer: c. acute limb ischemia
◉ Which of the following is the first step in the management of the
patient with acute limb ischemia?
a. initiate a heparin drip
b. obtain immediate vascular surgery consultation
c. start broad-spectrum antibiotics
d. administer pain medication.
Answer: b. obtain immediate vascular surgery consultation
◉ A 62-year-old female with a history of Type II DM, HTN, and HLD
presents to the Emergency Department with complaints of aching,
throbbing, itching, and burning of her left leg that has been ongoing
intermittently for about six months but acutely worsened in the past
two days. She has noticed that her leg is increasingly swollen, which
improves with rest and elevation of her leg. Physical exam reveals 3+
pitting edema, localized erythema, and warmth to the touch. Which
of the following diagnostic test should be performed on this patient?
a. duplex ultrasonography of the leg
b. CT angiogram of the lower extremities
c. catheter-based venous angiography
LEARNING RESOURCE WITH CORRECT
ANSWER SET
◉ Normal ABI range.
Answer: 1-1.41
◉ Borderline ABI Value.
Answer: 0.91-0.99
◉ abnormal ABI values.
Answer: Less than or equal to 0.9
◉ Noncompressible arteries secondary to atherosclerosis.
Answer: ABI Greater than 1.4
◉ Treatment of acute limb ischemia.
Answer: -Unfractionated heparin immediately
-Keep limb dependent
-Fluid resuscitation if necessary
-Analgesia
,-Vascular surgery consult
◉ Pharmacologic treatment of PAD.
Answer: low dose rivaroxaban and aspirin
Cilostazol (Pletal)- phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilator and
antiplatelet properties
◉ Surgical treatment of PAD.
Answer: bypasses (aortoiliac, aortofemoral, axillofemoral); graft
sutured above and below the obstruction to allow for blood flow
◉ vericose veins.
Answer: Dilated, swollen veins that have lost their elasticity and
cause stasis, or decreased blood flow
◉ Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).
Answer: a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due
to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves
◉ vericose veins subjective complaints.
Answer: heaviness, throbbing, a pressure sensation, or a dull ache in
the legs after prolonged standing
burning
,pruritus
swelling
ulceration
cramping of the lower extremities
◉ vericose vein objective signs.
Answer: varicose veins
peripheral edema
stasis dermatitis
skin ulcers- typically occur near the ankle
◉ gold standard diagnostic test for CVD.
Answer: venous duplex ultrasonography
◉ A 72-year-old male with a past history of CAD, HTN, HLD, tobacco
use, and Type 2 DM presents to the ED with complaints of sudden
onset of severe pain to his left lower leg that started about two hours
earlier. Vital signs are as follows: BP 148/92, HR 105, T 99.1 F. Lab
work is notable for lactic acid of 3.4 and CBC with WBC count of
14,000. Physical exam reveals cool, pale LLE that is hairless and
smooth. Pedal pulses are absent with doppler ultrasound. The
patient does not have any sensation in his toes or his calf. Which of
the following is the suspected diagnosis?
a. diabetic neuropathy
, b. deep vein thrombosis
c. acute limb ischemia
d. peripheral artery disease.
Answer: c. acute limb ischemia
◉ Which of the following is the first step in the management of the
patient with acute limb ischemia?
a. initiate a heparin drip
b. obtain immediate vascular surgery consultation
c. start broad-spectrum antibiotics
d. administer pain medication.
Answer: b. obtain immediate vascular surgery consultation
◉ A 62-year-old female with a history of Type II DM, HTN, and HLD
presents to the Emergency Department with complaints of aching,
throbbing, itching, and burning of her left leg that has been ongoing
intermittently for about six months but acutely worsened in the past
two days. She has noticed that her leg is increasingly swollen, which
improves with rest and elevation of her leg. Physical exam reveals 3+
pitting edema, localized erythema, and warmth to the touch. Which
of the following diagnostic test should be performed on this patient?
a. duplex ultrasonography of the leg
b. CT angiogram of the lower extremities
c. catheter-based venous angiography
