NUR 265 Exam 1
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1. What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger
molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than
what?: 3.5g in 24 hours
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
5. Describe the "risk" stage for AKI: creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
6. Describe the "injury" stage for AKI: creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
7. Describe the "failure" stage for AKI: creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
8. Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
9. Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
, NUR 265 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3clvym
10. Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
11. How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?: Systolic + (Diastolic*2)
/3
12. What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65 mmHg
13. What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
14. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?: Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
15. What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
16. What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
17. What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up
18. What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
•Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3clvym
1. What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger
molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than
what?: 3.5g in 24 hours
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
5. Describe the "risk" stage for AKI: creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
6. Describe the "injury" stage for AKI: creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
7. Describe the "failure" stage for AKI: creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
8. Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
9. Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
, NUR 265 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3clvym
10. Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
11. How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?: Systolic + (Diastolic*2)
/3
12. What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65 mmHg
13. What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
14. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?: Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
15. What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
16. What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
17. What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up
18. What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
•Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
