APUSH REVIEW QUESTION
ANSWERS
Great-Columbian-/-Biological-Exchange---ans-✔✔Exchange-of-plants-and-animals-
between-the-New-World-and-Europe-following-the-discovery-of-America-in-1492.
Christopher-Columbus---ans-✔✔Italian-explorer,-sailed-from-Spain-in-1492-and-reached-
Americas,-greatly-increased-European-awareness-of-the-North-American-Continent
Bartolomeo-de-las-Casas---ans-✔✔16th-Century-Spanish-Historian,-Dominican-
Friar,-"Protector-of-the-Indians;"-opposed-atrocities-by-colonizers-on-Indigenous-people
Spanish-empire---ans-✔✔Empire-control-in-Mexico,-South-America,-and-Florida,-religious-
empire;-Franciscans-+-mission-system,-defensive-buffers-vs.-English,-French,-and-
Russians.-Economic-empire.
French-empire---ans-✔✔Empire-control-in-Canada,-Ohio,-and-Mississippi-River-Valley-
with-Louisiana.-Religious:-Jesuits.-Positive-indigenous-relations.-Fur-trade.-Coureurs-du-
bois.
English/British-Empire---ans-✔✔Exhibited-control-in-the-form-of-dominions,-colonies,-
mandates,-and-territories.-Queen-Elizabeth-I-was-a-prominent-ruler-during-the-colonial-
period-of-this-empire.-French-Rivalry-+-engaged-in-Columbian-Exchange.
Jamestown---ans-✔✔First-permanent-English-settlement;-located-in-Virginia.-Founded-by-
London-Company
Mayflower-Compact---ans-✔✔Pilgrims/Separatists-agreement:-agreement-to-obey-laws-
created-by-the-community-and-a-profession-of-allegiance-to-the-king
Chesapeake-colonies---ans-✔✔Term-for-the-colonies-of-Maryland-and-Virginia
Virginia-colony---ans-✔✔This-colony-was-founded-in-1607.-First-settlement-was-
Jamestown.-Charter-to-stock-company/royal.-Tobacco-was-vital-to-its-survival.
,1619---ans-✔✔The-year-when-the-first-U.S-representative-assembly-was-established---
House-of-Burgesses-(Jamestown,-Virginia)
Bacon's-rebellion---ans-✔✔Colonial-uprising-that-took-place-in-1676-in-the-Virginia-
colony,-led-by-Nathaniel-Bacon.-Virginians-resented-William-Berkeley's-friendly-policy-
towards-Native-Americans.-This-was-the-first-rebellion-in-American-colonies-in-which-
discontented-frontiersmen-took-part.
Maryland-colony---ans-✔✔Founded-in-1634-by-Lord-Baltimore,-founded-to-be-a-place-for-
persecuted-Catholics-to-find-refuge,-a-safe-haven,-act-of-toleration
Toleration-Act---ans-✔✔Guaranteed-religious-toleration-to-trinitarian-Christians,-but-
decreed-the-death-penalty-to-Jews-and-atheists-and-others-who-didn't-believe-in-the-
divinity-of-Jesus-Christ,
New-England-colonies---ans-✔✔The-term-for-the-colonies-of-Massachusetts-bay,-Rhode-
Island,-and-New-Hampshire
Massachusetts-Bay-Colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-in-1630-by-John-Winthrop,-part-of-
the-Great-Puritan-Migration,-founded-by-puritans.-Had-a-theocratic-republic.-"City-upon-a-
hill"
John-Winthrop---ans-✔✔Puritan-governor-of-Massachusetts-Bay-Colony.-Speaker-
of-"City-upon-a-hill"
"City-upon-a-hill"---ans-✔✔Said-by-Winthrop;-refers-to-the-idea-that-Puritan-colonists-
emigrating-to-the-New-World-were-part-of-a-special-pact-with-God-to-create-a-holy-
community:-a-model-society-to-the-world/moral-commonwealth
Anne-Hutchinson---ans-✔✔Woman-who-challenged-Purtian-religous-authorities-in-
Massachusetts-Bay.-Puritan-authorities-banished-her-because-she-challenged-religious-
doctrine,-gender-roles.-clerical-authority,-and-claimed-to-have-had-revelations-from-God
King-Philip's-war---ans-✔✔1675.-longest-and-bloodiest-conflict-between-settlers-and-
natives-in-17th-century,-native-Wampanoags-under-KIng-Phillip-(-Indian-Chieftain)-
resisted-England-encroachment-on-their-land,-they-killed-many-settlers-in-Mass,-English-
joined-with-Mohawks-to-defeat-them
Salem-Witch-Trials---ans-✔✔1629-outbreak-of-witchcraft-accusations-in-a-
Massachussetts-Bay-puritan-village-marked-by-an-atmosphere-of-fear,-hysteria-and-
stress.-Spectral-evidence-was-used-frequently.
Rhode-Island-Colony---ans-✔✔Self-governing-colony-founded-by-Roger-Williams-in-
1636;-granted-freedom-for-all-religions-and-non-believers;-religious-toleration;-
disestablishment,-universal-suffrage-for-white-males-w/property-qualifications;-most-
democratic
,Disestablishment---ans-✔✔Separation-of-church-and-state;-no-religion-is-officially-
supported-by-the-state/government;-opposed-tax-supported-church
Connecticut-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-by-Thomas-Hooker-in-1636;-self-
governing;-origin-of-Fundamental-Orders
Fundamental-Orders---ans-✔✔The-first-constitution-written-in-North-America;-granted-
ALL-adult-males-to-vote-not-just-church-going-land-owners-as-was-the-policy-in-
Massachutes
New-Amsterdam---ans-✔✔Dutch-colonial-settlement-that-served-as-the-capital-of-New-
Netherland.-This-later-became-"New-York-City"
Restoration-colonies---ans-✔✔Colonies-created-as-a-result-from-the-land-grants-in-North-
America-given-by-King-Charles-II-of-England-The-two-major-restoration-colonies-were-
Pennsylvania-and-Carolina.
New-York-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-by-Dutch-in-1624.-Very-diverse-and-wealthy-
colony.-Contained-the-Hudson-river
Pennsylvania-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-formed-from-the-"Holy-Experiment";-settled-by-
Quakers.-Founded-by-William-Penn,-who-bought-land-from-the-Native-Americans.-
Allowed-religious-freedom
William-Penn---ans-✔✔An-English-Quaker,-founded-Pennsylvania-in-1682,-after-
receiving-a-charter-from-King-Charles-II-the-year-before.-He-launched-the-colony-as-
a-"holy-experiment"-based-on-religious-tolerance.
Georgia-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-by-James-Oglethorpe.-Its-first-settlers-were-
debtors-and-unfortunates(-"worthy-poor").-Tolerant-to-Christians-but-not-Catholics.-Acted-
as-a-buffer-between-Spanish-Florida-and-the-Carolinas.
James-Oglethorpe---ans-✔✔Founded-Georgia;-a-member-of-parliament;-philanthropist;-
social-reformer-(helping-those-in-debtors'-prisons)
Mercantilism---ans-✔✔Economic-philosophy-of-17th-and-18th-century-European-nations;-
sought-to-increase-wealth-and-power-through-acquisition-of-gold-and-silver-and-
establishing-a-favorable-balance-of-trade.-Colonies-served-interest-of-mother-country-
through-importation-of-its-raw-materials-->-Exportation->-importation
Triangular-trade---ans-✔✔Trading-System-between-Europe,-Africa,-and-the-colonies;-
European-purchased-slaves-in-Africa-and-sold-them-to-colonies,-new-materials-from-
colonies-went-to-Europe-while-European-finished-products-were-sold-in-the-colonies.
, Navigation-Acts---ans-✔✔Acts-passed-in-1660-passed-by-British-parliament-to-increase-
colonial-dependence-on-Great-Britain-for-trade;-limited-goods-that-were-exported-to-
colonies;-caused-great-resentment-in-American-colonies.
"salutary/benign-neglect"---ans-✔✔150-years-of-colonial-self-rule-due-to-Neglect-by-
British-authorities
Dominion-of-New-England---ans-✔✔1686---The-British-government-combined-the-
colonies-of-Massachusetts,-Rhode-Island,-New-Hampshire,-and-Connecticut-into-a-single-
province-headed-by-a-royal-governor-(Andros).-The-Dominion-ended-in-1692,-when-the-
colonists-revolted-and-drove-out-Governor-Andros.
Glorious-Revolution-(in-America)---ans-✔✔Elimination-of-Dominion-of-England-in-1689;-
Plymouth-added-to-Massachusetts-in-1691;-Reinstatement-of-legislative-assemblies;-
Coode's-Rebellion;-some-royal-governors;-more-closely-intertwined-empire
Puritanism---ans-✔✔The-religion-of-a-group-of-religious-dissidents-who-came-to-the-New-
World-so-they-would-have-a-location-to-establish-a-"purer"-church-than-the-one-that-
existed-in-England
Enlightenment---ans-✔✔18th-century-philosophy-stressing-reason,-and-how-it-can-be-
used-to-improve-the-human-condition.-Natural-rights-was-a-major-idea-that-influenced-
Thomas-Jefferson-in-the-writing-of-the-Declaration-of-Independence.
John-Locke---ans-✔✔English-philosopher-who-advocated-the-idea-of-a-"social-contract"-
in-which-government-powers-are-derived-from-the-consent-of-the-governed-and-in-which-
the-government-serves-the-people;-also-said-people-have-natural-rights-to-life,-liberty-and-
property.
Benjamin-Franklin---ans-✔✔Printer,-author,-inventor,-diplomat,-statesman,-and-Founding-
Father.-One-of-the-few-Americans-who-was-highly-respected-in-Europe,-primarily-due-to-
his-discoveries-in-the-field-of-electricity.-He-helped-to-negotiate-French-support-for-the-
American-Revolution.
First-Great-Awakening---ans-✔✔Religious-revival-in-the-colonies-in-1730s-and-1740s;-
George-Whitefield-and-Jonathan-Edwards-preached-a-message-of-atonement-for-sins-by-
admitting-them-to-God.-The-movement-attempted-to-combat-the-growing-secularism-and-
rationalism-of-mid-eighteenth-century-America.-Religious-splits-in-the-colonies-became-
deeper.
Jonathan-Edwards---ans-✔✔Preacher-during-the-First-Great-Awakening;-"Sinners-in-the-
hands-of-angry-god"
George-Whitefield---ans-✔✔English-clergyman-who-was-known-for-his-ability-to-convince-
many-people-through-his-sermons.-He-involved-himself-in-the-Great-Awakening-in-1739-
preaching-his-belief-in-gaining-salvation.
ANSWERS
Great-Columbian-/-Biological-Exchange---ans-✔✔Exchange-of-plants-and-animals-
between-the-New-World-and-Europe-following-the-discovery-of-America-in-1492.
Christopher-Columbus---ans-✔✔Italian-explorer,-sailed-from-Spain-in-1492-and-reached-
Americas,-greatly-increased-European-awareness-of-the-North-American-Continent
Bartolomeo-de-las-Casas---ans-✔✔16th-Century-Spanish-Historian,-Dominican-
Friar,-"Protector-of-the-Indians;"-opposed-atrocities-by-colonizers-on-Indigenous-people
Spanish-empire---ans-✔✔Empire-control-in-Mexico,-South-America,-and-Florida,-religious-
empire;-Franciscans-+-mission-system,-defensive-buffers-vs.-English,-French,-and-
Russians.-Economic-empire.
French-empire---ans-✔✔Empire-control-in-Canada,-Ohio,-and-Mississippi-River-Valley-
with-Louisiana.-Religious:-Jesuits.-Positive-indigenous-relations.-Fur-trade.-Coureurs-du-
bois.
English/British-Empire---ans-✔✔Exhibited-control-in-the-form-of-dominions,-colonies,-
mandates,-and-territories.-Queen-Elizabeth-I-was-a-prominent-ruler-during-the-colonial-
period-of-this-empire.-French-Rivalry-+-engaged-in-Columbian-Exchange.
Jamestown---ans-✔✔First-permanent-English-settlement;-located-in-Virginia.-Founded-by-
London-Company
Mayflower-Compact---ans-✔✔Pilgrims/Separatists-agreement:-agreement-to-obey-laws-
created-by-the-community-and-a-profession-of-allegiance-to-the-king
Chesapeake-colonies---ans-✔✔Term-for-the-colonies-of-Maryland-and-Virginia
Virginia-colony---ans-✔✔This-colony-was-founded-in-1607.-First-settlement-was-
Jamestown.-Charter-to-stock-company/royal.-Tobacco-was-vital-to-its-survival.
,1619---ans-✔✔The-year-when-the-first-U.S-representative-assembly-was-established---
House-of-Burgesses-(Jamestown,-Virginia)
Bacon's-rebellion---ans-✔✔Colonial-uprising-that-took-place-in-1676-in-the-Virginia-
colony,-led-by-Nathaniel-Bacon.-Virginians-resented-William-Berkeley's-friendly-policy-
towards-Native-Americans.-This-was-the-first-rebellion-in-American-colonies-in-which-
discontented-frontiersmen-took-part.
Maryland-colony---ans-✔✔Founded-in-1634-by-Lord-Baltimore,-founded-to-be-a-place-for-
persecuted-Catholics-to-find-refuge,-a-safe-haven,-act-of-toleration
Toleration-Act---ans-✔✔Guaranteed-religious-toleration-to-trinitarian-Christians,-but-
decreed-the-death-penalty-to-Jews-and-atheists-and-others-who-didn't-believe-in-the-
divinity-of-Jesus-Christ,
New-England-colonies---ans-✔✔The-term-for-the-colonies-of-Massachusetts-bay,-Rhode-
Island,-and-New-Hampshire
Massachusetts-Bay-Colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-in-1630-by-John-Winthrop,-part-of-
the-Great-Puritan-Migration,-founded-by-puritans.-Had-a-theocratic-republic.-"City-upon-a-
hill"
John-Winthrop---ans-✔✔Puritan-governor-of-Massachusetts-Bay-Colony.-Speaker-
of-"City-upon-a-hill"
"City-upon-a-hill"---ans-✔✔Said-by-Winthrop;-refers-to-the-idea-that-Puritan-colonists-
emigrating-to-the-New-World-were-part-of-a-special-pact-with-God-to-create-a-holy-
community:-a-model-society-to-the-world/moral-commonwealth
Anne-Hutchinson---ans-✔✔Woman-who-challenged-Purtian-religous-authorities-in-
Massachusetts-Bay.-Puritan-authorities-banished-her-because-she-challenged-religious-
doctrine,-gender-roles.-clerical-authority,-and-claimed-to-have-had-revelations-from-God
King-Philip's-war---ans-✔✔1675.-longest-and-bloodiest-conflict-between-settlers-and-
natives-in-17th-century,-native-Wampanoags-under-KIng-Phillip-(-Indian-Chieftain)-
resisted-England-encroachment-on-their-land,-they-killed-many-settlers-in-Mass,-English-
joined-with-Mohawks-to-defeat-them
Salem-Witch-Trials---ans-✔✔1629-outbreak-of-witchcraft-accusations-in-a-
Massachussetts-Bay-puritan-village-marked-by-an-atmosphere-of-fear,-hysteria-and-
stress.-Spectral-evidence-was-used-frequently.
Rhode-Island-Colony---ans-✔✔Self-governing-colony-founded-by-Roger-Williams-in-
1636;-granted-freedom-for-all-religions-and-non-believers;-religious-toleration;-
disestablishment,-universal-suffrage-for-white-males-w/property-qualifications;-most-
democratic
,Disestablishment---ans-✔✔Separation-of-church-and-state;-no-religion-is-officially-
supported-by-the-state/government;-opposed-tax-supported-church
Connecticut-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-by-Thomas-Hooker-in-1636;-self-
governing;-origin-of-Fundamental-Orders
Fundamental-Orders---ans-✔✔The-first-constitution-written-in-North-America;-granted-
ALL-adult-males-to-vote-not-just-church-going-land-owners-as-was-the-policy-in-
Massachutes
New-Amsterdam---ans-✔✔Dutch-colonial-settlement-that-served-as-the-capital-of-New-
Netherland.-This-later-became-"New-York-City"
Restoration-colonies---ans-✔✔Colonies-created-as-a-result-from-the-land-grants-in-North-
America-given-by-King-Charles-II-of-England-The-two-major-restoration-colonies-were-
Pennsylvania-and-Carolina.
New-York-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-by-Dutch-in-1624.-Very-diverse-and-wealthy-
colony.-Contained-the-Hudson-river
Pennsylvania-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-formed-from-the-"Holy-Experiment";-settled-by-
Quakers.-Founded-by-William-Penn,-who-bought-land-from-the-Native-Americans.-
Allowed-religious-freedom
William-Penn---ans-✔✔An-English-Quaker,-founded-Pennsylvania-in-1682,-after-
receiving-a-charter-from-King-Charles-II-the-year-before.-He-launched-the-colony-as-
a-"holy-experiment"-based-on-religious-tolerance.
Georgia-colony---ans-✔✔Colony-founded-by-James-Oglethorpe.-Its-first-settlers-were-
debtors-and-unfortunates(-"worthy-poor").-Tolerant-to-Christians-but-not-Catholics.-Acted-
as-a-buffer-between-Spanish-Florida-and-the-Carolinas.
James-Oglethorpe---ans-✔✔Founded-Georgia;-a-member-of-parliament;-philanthropist;-
social-reformer-(helping-those-in-debtors'-prisons)
Mercantilism---ans-✔✔Economic-philosophy-of-17th-and-18th-century-European-nations;-
sought-to-increase-wealth-and-power-through-acquisition-of-gold-and-silver-and-
establishing-a-favorable-balance-of-trade.-Colonies-served-interest-of-mother-country-
through-importation-of-its-raw-materials-->-Exportation->-importation
Triangular-trade---ans-✔✔Trading-System-between-Europe,-Africa,-and-the-colonies;-
European-purchased-slaves-in-Africa-and-sold-them-to-colonies,-new-materials-from-
colonies-went-to-Europe-while-European-finished-products-were-sold-in-the-colonies.
, Navigation-Acts---ans-✔✔Acts-passed-in-1660-passed-by-British-parliament-to-increase-
colonial-dependence-on-Great-Britain-for-trade;-limited-goods-that-were-exported-to-
colonies;-caused-great-resentment-in-American-colonies.
"salutary/benign-neglect"---ans-✔✔150-years-of-colonial-self-rule-due-to-Neglect-by-
British-authorities
Dominion-of-New-England---ans-✔✔1686---The-British-government-combined-the-
colonies-of-Massachusetts,-Rhode-Island,-New-Hampshire,-and-Connecticut-into-a-single-
province-headed-by-a-royal-governor-(Andros).-The-Dominion-ended-in-1692,-when-the-
colonists-revolted-and-drove-out-Governor-Andros.
Glorious-Revolution-(in-America)---ans-✔✔Elimination-of-Dominion-of-England-in-1689;-
Plymouth-added-to-Massachusetts-in-1691;-Reinstatement-of-legislative-assemblies;-
Coode's-Rebellion;-some-royal-governors;-more-closely-intertwined-empire
Puritanism---ans-✔✔The-religion-of-a-group-of-religious-dissidents-who-came-to-the-New-
World-so-they-would-have-a-location-to-establish-a-"purer"-church-than-the-one-that-
existed-in-England
Enlightenment---ans-✔✔18th-century-philosophy-stressing-reason,-and-how-it-can-be-
used-to-improve-the-human-condition.-Natural-rights-was-a-major-idea-that-influenced-
Thomas-Jefferson-in-the-writing-of-the-Declaration-of-Independence.
John-Locke---ans-✔✔English-philosopher-who-advocated-the-idea-of-a-"social-contract"-
in-which-government-powers-are-derived-from-the-consent-of-the-governed-and-in-which-
the-government-serves-the-people;-also-said-people-have-natural-rights-to-life,-liberty-and-
property.
Benjamin-Franklin---ans-✔✔Printer,-author,-inventor,-diplomat,-statesman,-and-Founding-
Father.-One-of-the-few-Americans-who-was-highly-respected-in-Europe,-primarily-due-to-
his-discoveries-in-the-field-of-electricity.-He-helped-to-negotiate-French-support-for-the-
American-Revolution.
First-Great-Awakening---ans-✔✔Religious-revival-in-the-colonies-in-1730s-and-1740s;-
George-Whitefield-and-Jonathan-Edwards-preached-a-message-of-atonement-for-sins-by-
admitting-them-to-God.-The-movement-attempted-to-combat-the-growing-secularism-and-
rationalism-of-mid-eighteenth-century-America.-Religious-splits-in-the-colonies-became-
deeper.
Jonathan-Edwards---ans-✔✔Preacher-during-the-First-Great-Awakening;-"Sinners-in-the-
hands-of-angry-god"
George-Whitefield---ans-✔✔English-clergyman-who-was-known-for-his-ability-to-convince-
many-people-through-his-sermons.-He-involved-himself-in-the-Great-Awakening-in-1739-
preaching-his-belief-in-gaining-salvation.
