APUSH FULL REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Mayflower-Compact---ans-✔✔1620---The-first-agreement-for-self-government-in-America.-
It-was-signed-by-the-41-men-on-the-Mayflower-and-set-up-a-government-for-the-Plymouth-
colony.
William-Bradford---ans-✔✔A-Pilgrim,-the-second-governor-of-the-Plymouth-colony,-1621-
1657.-He-developed-private-land-ownership-and-helped-colonists-get-out-of-debt.-He-
helped-the-colony-survive-droughts,-crop-failures,-and-Indian-attacks.
Pilgrims-and-Puritans-contrasted---ans-✔✔The-Pilgrims-were-separatists-who-believed-
that-the-Church-of-England-could-not-be-reformed.-Separatist-groups-were-illegal-in-
England,-so-the-Pilgrims-fled-to-America-and-settled-in-Plymouth.-The-Puritans-were-non-
separatists-who-wished-to-adopt-reforms-to-purify-the-Church-of-England.-They-received-
a-right-to-settle-in-the-Massachusetts-Bay-area-from-the-King-of-England.
Massachusetts-Bay-Colony---ans-✔✔1629---King-Charles-gave-the-Puritans-a-right-to-
settle-and-govern-a-colony-in-the-Massachusetts-Bay-area.-The-colony-established-
political-freedom-and-a-representative-government.
Cambridge-Agreement---ans-✔✔1629---The-Puritan-stockholders-of-the-Massachusetts-
Bay-Company-agreed-to-emigrate-to-New-England-on-the-condition-that-they-would-have-
control-of-the-government-of-the-colony.
Puritan-migration---ans-✔✔Many-Puritans-emigrated-from-England-to-America-in-the-
1630s-and-1640s.-During-this-time,-the-population-of-the-Massachusetts-Bay-colony-grew-
to-ten-times-its-earlier-population.
Church-of-England-(Anglican-Church)---ans-✔✔The-national-church-of-England,-founded-
by-King-Henry-VIII.-It-included-both-Roman-Catholic-and-Protestant-ideas.
John-Winthrop-(1588-1649),-his-beliefs---ans-✔✔1629---He-became-the-first-governor-of-
the-Massachusetts-Bay-colony,-and-served-in-that-capacity-from-1630-through-1649.-A-
Puritan-with-strong-religious-beliefs.-He-opposed-total-democracy,-believing-the-colony-
,was-best-governed-by-a-small-group-of-skillful-leaders.-He-helped-organize-the-New-
England-Confederation-in-1643-and-served-as-its-first-president.
Separatists,-non-separatists---ans-✔✔Non-separatists-(which-included-the-Puritans)-
believed-that-the-Church-of-England-could-be-purified-through-reforms.-Separatists-
(which-included-the-Pilgrims)-believed-that-the-Church-of-England-could-not-be-reformed,-
and-so-started-their-own-congregations.
Calvinism---ans-✔✔Protestant-sect-founded-by-John-Calvin.-Emphasized-a-strong-moral-
code-and-believed-in-predestination-(the-idea-that-God-decided-whether-or-not-a-person-
would-be-saved-as-soon-as-they-were-born).-Calvinists-supported-constitutional-
representative-government-and-the-separation-of-church-and-state.
Congregational-Church,-Cambridge-Platform---ans-✔✔The-Congregational-Church-was-
founded-by-separatists-who-felt-that-the-Church-of-England-retained-too-many-Roman-
Catholic-beliefs-and-practices.-The-Pilgrims-were-members-of-the-Congregational-
Church.-The-Cambridge-Platform-stressed-morality-over-church-dogma.
Contrast-Puritan-colonies-with-others---ans-✔✔Puritan-colonies-were-self-governed,-with-
each-town-having-its-own-government-which-led-the-people-in-strict-accordance-with-
Puritan-beliefs.-Only-those-members-of-the-congregation-who-had-achieved-grace-and-
were-full-church-members-(called-the-"elect,"-or-"saints")-could-vote-and-hold-public-
office.-Other-colonies-had-different-styles-of-government-and-were-more-open-to-different-
beliefs.
Anne-Hutchinson,-Antinomianism---ans-✔✔She-preached-the-idea-that-God-
communicated-directly-to-individuals-instead-of-through-the-church-elders.-She-was-
forced-to-leave-Massachusetts-in-1637.-Her-followers-(the-Antinomianists)-founded-the-
colony-of-New-Hampshire-in-1639.
Roger-Williams,-Rhode-Island---ans-✔✔1635---He-left-the-Massachusetts-colony-and-
purchased-the-land-from-a-neighboring-Indian-tribe-to-found-the-colony-of-Rhode-Island.-
Rhode-Island-was-the-only-colony-at-that-time-to-offer-complete-religious-freedom.
Covenant-theology---ans-✔✔Puritan-teachings-emphasized-the-biblical-covenants:-God's-
covenants-with-Adam-and-with-Noah,-the-covenant-of-grace-between-God-and-man-
through-Christ.
Voting-granted-to-church-members---1631---ans-✔✔1631---The-Massachusetts-general-
court-passed-an-act-to-limit-voting-rights-to-church-members.
Half-way-Covenant---ans-✔✔The-Half-way-Covenant-applied-to-those-members-of-the-
Puritan-colonies-who-were-the-children-of-church-members,-but-who-hadn't-achieved-
grace-themselves.-The-covenant-allowed-them-to-participate-in-some-church-affairs.
,Brattle-Street-Church---ans-✔✔1698---Founded-by-Thomas-Brattle.-His-church-differed-
from-the-Puritans-in-that-it-did-not-require-people-to-prove-that-they-had-achieved-grace-in-
order-to-become-full-church-members.
Thomas-Hooker---ans-✔✔Clergyman,-one-of-the-founders-of-Hartford.-Called-"the-father-
of-American-democracy"-because-he-said-that-people-have-a-right-to-choose-their-
magistrates.
Fundamental-Orders-of-Connecticut---ans-✔✔Set-up-a-unified-government-for-the-towns-
of-the-Connecticut-area-(Windsor,-Hartford,-and-Wethersfield).-First-constitution-written-in-
America.
Saybrook-Platform---ans-✔✔It-organized-town-churches-into-county-associations-which-
sent-delegates-to-the-annual-assembly-which-governed-the-colony-of-Connecticut.
Massachusetts-School-Law---ans-✔✔First-public-education-legislation-in-America.-It-
declared-that-towns-with-50-or-more-families-had-to-hire-a-schoolmaster-and-that-towns-
with-over-100-families-had-to-found-a-grammar-school.
Harvard-founded---ans-✔✔1636---Founded-by-a-grant-form-the-Massachusetts-general-
court.-Followed-Puritan-beliefs.
New-England-Confederation---ans-✔✔1643---Formed-to-provide-for-the-defense-of-the-
four-New-England-colonies,-and-also-acted-as-a-court-in-disputes-between-colonies.
King-Philip's-War---ans-✔✔1675---A-series-of-battles-in-New-Hampshire-between-the-
colonists-and-the-Wompanowogs,-led-by-a-chief-known-as-King-Philip.-The-war-was-
started-when-the-Massachusetts-government-tried-to-assert-court-jurisdiction-over-the-
local-Indians.-The-colonists-won-with-the-help-of-the-Mohawks,-and-this-victory-opened-up-
additional-Indian-lands-for-expansion.
Dominion-of-New-England---ans-✔✔1686---The-British-government-combined-the-
colonies-of-Massachusetts,-Rhode-Island,-New-Hampshire,-and-Connecticut-into-a-single-
province-headed-by-a-royal-governor-(Andros).-The-Dominion-ended-in-1692,-when-the-
colonists-revolted-and-drove-out-Governor-Andros.
Sir-Edmond-Andros---ans-✔✔Governor-of-the-Dominion-of-New-England-from-1686-until-
1692,-when-the-colonists-rebelled-and-forced-him-to-return-to-England.
Joint-stock-company---ans-✔✔A-company-made-up-of-a-group-of-shareholders.-Each-
shareholder-contributes-some-money-to-the-company-and-receives-some-share-of-the-
company's-profits-and-debts.
Virginia:-purpose,-problems,-failures,-successes---ans-✔✔Virginia-was-formed-by-the-
Virginia-Company-as-a-profit-earning-venture.-Starvation-was-the-major-problem;-about-
90%-of-the-colonists-died-the-first-year,-many-of-the-survivors-left,-and-the-company-had-
, trouble-attracting-new-colonists.-They-offered-private-land-ownership-in-the-colony-to-
attract-settlers,-but-the-Virginia-Company-eventually-went-bankrupt-and-the-colony-went-
to-the-crown.-Virginia-did-not-become-a-successful-colony-until-the-colonists-started-
raising-and-exporting-tobacco.
Headright-system---ans-✔✔Headrights-were-parcels-of-land-consisting-of-about-50-acres-
which-were-given-to-colonists-who-brought-indentured-servants-into-America.-They-were-
used-by-the-Virginia-Company-to-attract-more-colonists.
John-Smith---ans-✔✔Helped-found-and-govern-Jamestown.-His-leadership-and-strict-
discipline-helped-the-Virginia-colony-get-through-the-difficult-first-winter.
John-Rolfe,-tobacco---ans-✔✔He-was-one-of-the-English-settlers-at-Jamestown-(and-he-
married-Pocahontas).-He-discovered-how-to-successfully-grow-tobacco-in-Virginia-and-
cure-it-for-export,-which-made-Virginia-an-economically-successful-colony.
Slavery-begins---ans-✔✔1619---The-first-African-slaves-in-America-arrive-in-the-Virginia-
colony.
House-of-Burgesses---ans-✔✔1619---The-Virginia-House-of-Burgesses-formed,-the-first-
legislative-body-in-colonial-America.-Later-other-colonies-would-adopt-houses-of-
burgesses.
Cavaliers---ans-✔✔In-the-English-Civil-War-(1642-1647),-these-were-the-troops-loyal-to-
Charles-II.-Their-opponents-were-the-Roundheads,-loyal-to-Parliament-and-Oliver-
Cromwell.
Bacon's-Rebellion---ans-✔✔1676---Nathaniel-Bacon-and-other-western-Virginia-settlers-
were-angry-at-Virginia-Governor-Berkley-for-trying-to-appease-the-Doeg-Indians-after-the-
Doegs-attacked-the-western-settlements.-The-frontiersmen-formed-an-army,-with-Bacon-
as-its-leader,-which-defeated-the-Indians-and-then-marched-on-Jamestown-and-burned-
the-city.-The-rebellion-ended-suddenly-when-Bacon-died-of-an-illness.
Culperer's-Rebellion---ans-✔✔Led-by-Culperer,-the-Alpemark-colony-rebelled-against-its-
English-governor,-Thomas-Miller.-The-rebellion-was-crushed,-but-Culperer-was-acquitted.
Georgia:-reasons,-successes---ans-✔✔1733---Georgia-was-formed-as-a-buffer-between-
the-Carolinas-and-Spanish-held-Florida.-It-was-a-military-style-colony,-but-also-served-as-
a-haven-for-the-poor,-criminals,-and-persecuted-Protestants.
James-Oglethorpe---ans-✔✔Founder-and-governor-of-the-Georgia-colony.-He-ran-a-
tightly-disciplined,-military-like-colony.-Slaves,-alcohol,-and-Catholicism-were-forbidden-in-
his-colony.-Many-colonists-felt-that-Oglethorpe-was-a-dictator,-and-that-(along-with-the-
colonist's-dissatisfaction-over-not-being-allowed-to-own-slaves)-caused-the-colony-to-
break-down-and-Oglethorpe-to-lose-his-position-as-governor.
AND ANSWERS
Mayflower-Compact---ans-✔✔1620---The-first-agreement-for-self-government-in-America.-
It-was-signed-by-the-41-men-on-the-Mayflower-and-set-up-a-government-for-the-Plymouth-
colony.
William-Bradford---ans-✔✔A-Pilgrim,-the-second-governor-of-the-Plymouth-colony,-1621-
1657.-He-developed-private-land-ownership-and-helped-colonists-get-out-of-debt.-He-
helped-the-colony-survive-droughts,-crop-failures,-and-Indian-attacks.
Pilgrims-and-Puritans-contrasted---ans-✔✔The-Pilgrims-were-separatists-who-believed-
that-the-Church-of-England-could-not-be-reformed.-Separatist-groups-were-illegal-in-
England,-so-the-Pilgrims-fled-to-America-and-settled-in-Plymouth.-The-Puritans-were-non-
separatists-who-wished-to-adopt-reforms-to-purify-the-Church-of-England.-They-received-
a-right-to-settle-in-the-Massachusetts-Bay-area-from-the-King-of-England.
Massachusetts-Bay-Colony---ans-✔✔1629---King-Charles-gave-the-Puritans-a-right-to-
settle-and-govern-a-colony-in-the-Massachusetts-Bay-area.-The-colony-established-
political-freedom-and-a-representative-government.
Cambridge-Agreement---ans-✔✔1629---The-Puritan-stockholders-of-the-Massachusetts-
Bay-Company-agreed-to-emigrate-to-New-England-on-the-condition-that-they-would-have-
control-of-the-government-of-the-colony.
Puritan-migration---ans-✔✔Many-Puritans-emigrated-from-England-to-America-in-the-
1630s-and-1640s.-During-this-time,-the-population-of-the-Massachusetts-Bay-colony-grew-
to-ten-times-its-earlier-population.
Church-of-England-(Anglican-Church)---ans-✔✔The-national-church-of-England,-founded-
by-King-Henry-VIII.-It-included-both-Roman-Catholic-and-Protestant-ideas.
John-Winthrop-(1588-1649),-his-beliefs---ans-✔✔1629---He-became-the-first-governor-of-
the-Massachusetts-Bay-colony,-and-served-in-that-capacity-from-1630-through-1649.-A-
Puritan-with-strong-religious-beliefs.-He-opposed-total-democracy,-believing-the-colony-
,was-best-governed-by-a-small-group-of-skillful-leaders.-He-helped-organize-the-New-
England-Confederation-in-1643-and-served-as-its-first-president.
Separatists,-non-separatists---ans-✔✔Non-separatists-(which-included-the-Puritans)-
believed-that-the-Church-of-England-could-be-purified-through-reforms.-Separatists-
(which-included-the-Pilgrims)-believed-that-the-Church-of-England-could-not-be-reformed,-
and-so-started-their-own-congregations.
Calvinism---ans-✔✔Protestant-sect-founded-by-John-Calvin.-Emphasized-a-strong-moral-
code-and-believed-in-predestination-(the-idea-that-God-decided-whether-or-not-a-person-
would-be-saved-as-soon-as-they-were-born).-Calvinists-supported-constitutional-
representative-government-and-the-separation-of-church-and-state.
Congregational-Church,-Cambridge-Platform---ans-✔✔The-Congregational-Church-was-
founded-by-separatists-who-felt-that-the-Church-of-England-retained-too-many-Roman-
Catholic-beliefs-and-practices.-The-Pilgrims-were-members-of-the-Congregational-
Church.-The-Cambridge-Platform-stressed-morality-over-church-dogma.
Contrast-Puritan-colonies-with-others---ans-✔✔Puritan-colonies-were-self-governed,-with-
each-town-having-its-own-government-which-led-the-people-in-strict-accordance-with-
Puritan-beliefs.-Only-those-members-of-the-congregation-who-had-achieved-grace-and-
were-full-church-members-(called-the-"elect,"-or-"saints")-could-vote-and-hold-public-
office.-Other-colonies-had-different-styles-of-government-and-were-more-open-to-different-
beliefs.
Anne-Hutchinson,-Antinomianism---ans-✔✔She-preached-the-idea-that-God-
communicated-directly-to-individuals-instead-of-through-the-church-elders.-She-was-
forced-to-leave-Massachusetts-in-1637.-Her-followers-(the-Antinomianists)-founded-the-
colony-of-New-Hampshire-in-1639.
Roger-Williams,-Rhode-Island---ans-✔✔1635---He-left-the-Massachusetts-colony-and-
purchased-the-land-from-a-neighboring-Indian-tribe-to-found-the-colony-of-Rhode-Island.-
Rhode-Island-was-the-only-colony-at-that-time-to-offer-complete-religious-freedom.
Covenant-theology---ans-✔✔Puritan-teachings-emphasized-the-biblical-covenants:-God's-
covenants-with-Adam-and-with-Noah,-the-covenant-of-grace-between-God-and-man-
through-Christ.
Voting-granted-to-church-members---1631---ans-✔✔1631---The-Massachusetts-general-
court-passed-an-act-to-limit-voting-rights-to-church-members.
Half-way-Covenant---ans-✔✔The-Half-way-Covenant-applied-to-those-members-of-the-
Puritan-colonies-who-were-the-children-of-church-members,-but-who-hadn't-achieved-
grace-themselves.-The-covenant-allowed-them-to-participate-in-some-church-affairs.
,Brattle-Street-Church---ans-✔✔1698---Founded-by-Thomas-Brattle.-His-church-differed-
from-the-Puritans-in-that-it-did-not-require-people-to-prove-that-they-had-achieved-grace-in-
order-to-become-full-church-members.
Thomas-Hooker---ans-✔✔Clergyman,-one-of-the-founders-of-Hartford.-Called-"the-father-
of-American-democracy"-because-he-said-that-people-have-a-right-to-choose-their-
magistrates.
Fundamental-Orders-of-Connecticut---ans-✔✔Set-up-a-unified-government-for-the-towns-
of-the-Connecticut-area-(Windsor,-Hartford,-and-Wethersfield).-First-constitution-written-in-
America.
Saybrook-Platform---ans-✔✔It-organized-town-churches-into-county-associations-which-
sent-delegates-to-the-annual-assembly-which-governed-the-colony-of-Connecticut.
Massachusetts-School-Law---ans-✔✔First-public-education-legislation-in-America.-It-
declared-that-towns-with-50-or-more-families-had-to-hire-a-schoolmaster-and-that-towns-
with-over-100-families-had-to-found-a-grammar-school.
Harvard-founded---ans-✔✔1636---Founded-by-a-grant-form-the-Massachusetts-general-
court.-Followed-Puritan-beliefs.
New-England-Confederation---ans-✔✔1643---Formed-to-provide-for-the-defense-of-the-
four-New-England-colonies,-and-also-acted-as-a-court-in-disputes-between-colonies.
King-Philip's-War---ans-✔✔1675---A-series-of-battles-in-New-Hampshire-between-the-
colonists-and-the-Wompanowogs,-led-by-a-chief-known-as-King-Philip.-The-war-was-
started-when-the-Massachusetts-government-tried-to-assert-court-jurisdiction-over-the-
local-Indians.-The-colonists-won-with-the-help-of-the-Mohawks,-and-this-victory-opened-up-
additional-Indian-lands-for-expansion.
Dominion-of-New-England---ans-✔✔1686---The-British-government-combined-the-
colonies-of-Massachusetts,-Rhode-Island,-New-Hampshire,-and-Connecticut-into-a-single-
province-headed-by-a-royal-governor-(Andros).-The-Dominion-ended-in-1692,-when-the-
colonists-revolted-and-drove-out-Governor-Andros.
Sir-Edmond-Andros---ans-✔✔Governor-of-the-Dominion-of-New-England-from-1686-until-
1692,-when-the-colonists-rebelled-and-forced-him-to-return-to-England.
Joint-stock-company---ans-✔✔A-company-made-up-of-a-group-of-shareholders.-Each-
shareholder-contributes-some-money-to-the-company-and-receives-some-share-of-the-
company's-profits-and-debts.
Virginia:-purpose,-problems,-failures,-successes---ans-✔✔Virginia-was-formed-by-the-
Virginia-Company-as-a-profit-earning-venture.-Starvation-was-the-major-problem;-about-
90%-of-the-colonists-died-the-first-year,-many-of-the-survivors-left,-and-the-company-had-
, trouble-attracting-new-colonists.-They-offered-private-land-ownership-in-the-colony-to-
attract-settlers,-but-the-Virginia-Company-eventually-went-bankrupt-and-the-colony-went-
to-the-crown.-Virginia-did-not-become-a-successful-colony-until-the-colonists-started-
raising-and-exporting-tobacco.
Headright-system---ans-✔✔Headrights-were-parcels-of-land-consisting-of-about-50-acres-
which-were-given-to-colonists-who-brought-indentured-servants-into-America.-They-were-
used-by-the-Virginia-Company-to-attract-more-colonists.
John-Smith---ans-✔✔Helped-found-and-govern-Jamestown.-His-leadership-and-strict-
discipline-helped-the-Virginia-colony-get-through-the-difficult-first-winter.
John-Rolfe,-tobacco---ans-✔✔He-was-one-of-the-English-settlers-at-Jamestown-(and-he-
married-Pocahontas).-He-discovered-how-to-successfully-grow-tobacco-in-Virginia-and-
cure-it-for-export,-which-made-Virginia-an-economically-successful-colony.
Slavery-begins---ans-✔✔1619---The-first-African-slaves-in-America-arrive-in-the-Virginia-
colony.
House-of-Burgesses---ans-✔✔1619---The-Virginia-House-of-Burgesses-formed,-the-first-
legislative-body-in-colonial-America.-Later-other-colonies-would-adopt-houses-of-
burgesses.
Cavaliers---ans-✔✔In-the-English-Civil-War-(1642-1647),-these-were-the-troops-loyal-to-
Charles-II.-Their-opponents-were-the-Roundheads,-loyal-to-Parliament-and-Oliver-
Cromwell.
Bacon's-Rebellion---ans-✔✔1676---Nathaniel-Bacon-and-other-western-Virginia-settlers-
were-angry-at-Virginia-Governor-Berkley-for-trying-to-appease-the-Doeg-Indians-after-the-
Doegs-attacked-the-western-settlements.-The-frontiersmen-formed-an-army,-with-Bacon-
as-its-leader,-which-defeated-the-Indians-and-then-marched-on-Jamestown-and-burned-
the-city.-The-rebellion-ended-suddenly-when-Bacon-died-of-an-illness.
Culperer's-Rebellion---ans-✔✔Led-by-Culperer,-the-Alpemark-colony-rebelled-against-its-
English-governor,-Thomas-Miller.-The-rebellion-was-crushed,-but-Culperer-was-acquitted.
Georgia:-reasons,-successes---ans-✔✔1733---Georgia-was-formed-as-a-buffer-between-
the-Carolinas-and-Spanish-held-Florida.-It-was-a-military-style-colony,-but-also-served-as-
a-haven-for-the-poor,-criminals,-and-persecuted-Protestants.
James-Oglethorpe---ans-✔✔Founder-and-governor-of-the-Georgia-colony.-He-ran-a-
tightly-disciplined,-military-like-colony.-Slaves,-alcohol,-and-Catholicism-were-forbidden-in-
his-colony.-Many-colonists-felt-that-Oglethorpe-was-a-dictator,-and-that-(along-with-the-
colonist's-dissatisfaction-over-not-being-allowed-to-own-slaves)-caused-the-colony-to-
break-down-and-Oglethorpe-to-lose-his-position-as-governor.
