NSG 6340 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTION SET VERIFIED
ANSWERS TOP SCORE MATERIAL
◉ Promotion stage.
Answer: Reversible proliferation of altered cells (preventable stage)
◉ Detection tumor sizes.
Answer: 0.5 cm→smallest detectable with imaging. 1 cm →~1 billion
cancer cells
◉ Main sites of metastasis.
Answer: brain, CSF, lung, liver, adrenals, bone
◉ Metastasis.
Answer: Spread of cancer from primary site to distant organs
◉ Steps of metastasis.
Answer: Detach → enter circulation → survive → adhere → invade
new tissue → grow
, ◉ Cancer risk factors.
Answer: Genetics (~5-10% of cancers), tobacco, carcinogens,
alcohol, diet, obesity, physical inactivity
◉ Carcinogens.
Answer: Cancer-causing agents (chemical, radiation, viral)
◉ Warning signs of Cancer.
Answer: CAUTION:
Change in bowel/bladder habits.
A sore that doesn't heal.
Unusual bleeding or discharge.
Thickening or a lump.
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
Obvious change in a wart or mole.
Nagging cough or hoarseness
◉ My warning sign of cancer.
Answer: SCAB WHIC
Skin Changes- lumps and moles
Abnormal Bleeding, bowel and bladder
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTION SET VERIFIED
ANSWERS TOP SCORE MATERIAL
◉ Promotion stage.
Answer: Reversible proliferation of altered cells (preventable stage)
◉ Detection tumor sizes.
Answer: 0.5 cm→smallest detectable with imaging. 1 cm →~1 billion
cancer cells
◉ Main sites of metastasis.
Answer: brain, CSF, lung, liver, adrenals, bone
◉ Metastasis.
Answer: Spread of cancer from primary site to distant organs
◉ Steps of metastasis.
Answer: Detach → enter circulation → survive → adhere → invade
new tissue → grow
, ◉ Cancer risk factors.
Answer: Genetics (~5-10% of cancers), tobacco, carcinogens,
alcohol, diet, obesity, physical inactivity
◉ Carcinogens.
Answer: Cancer-causing agents (chemical, radiation, viral)
◉ Warning signs of Cancer.
Answer: CAUTION:
Change in bowel/bladder habits.
A sore that doesn't heal.
Unusual bleeding or discharge.
Thickening or a lump.
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
Obvious change in a wart or mole.
Nagging cough or hoarseness
◉ My warning sign of cancer.
Answer: SCAB WHIC
Skin Changes- lumps and moles
Abnormal Bleeding, bowel and bladder
