WGU C190 Exam Questions and Answers
(2026) | Verified Answers with In-Depth
Rationales | A+ Verified
• Coevolution Event . Answer: The process by which two or more species evolve in
tandem by exerting selection pressures on each other
• Speciation Event . Answer: A lineage-splitting event that produces two or more
separate species.
• Phylogenetic Event . Answer: The evolutionary development and history of a species
or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms. Also called phylogenesis. The evolutionary
development of an organ or other part of an organism
• Homology Event . Answer: Shared trait among species
• Mutation . Answer: A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in
such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.
• Gene Flow . Answer: is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.
Migration into or out of a population may be responsible for a marked change in allele
frequencies (the proportion of members carrying a particular variant of a gene).
• Genetic Drift . Answer: is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant
(allele) in a population due to RANDOM sampling of organisms. Ex. Earthquake or
disaster
• Artificial Selection . Answer: The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable
traits
• Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle . Answer: release stored energy through the oxidation of
acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and
chemical energy
• Calvin Cycle . Answer: is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts
during photosynthesis.
• Electron Transport Chain . Answer: A group of compounds that pass electron from one
to another via redox reactions coupled with the transfer of proton across a membrane to
create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. (Produces most ATP)
• Glycolysis . Answer: The process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and
sugars, especially glucose, are broken down, producing ATP and pyruvic acid.
, • Fermentation . Answer: Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be
released from glucose even though oxygen is not available.
• Oxidation . Answer: Specifically, it means the substance that gives away electrons is
oxidized
• Nucleus . Answer: DNA Storage
• Mitochondrion . Answer: Energy production
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) . Answer: Lipid production; Detoxification
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) . Answer: Protein production; in particular for
export out of the cell
• Ribosomes . Answer: The molecular machines that use the instructions contained in
the DNA to build all the proteins needed by the cell.
• Peroxisome . Answer: Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative enzymes
• Lysosome . Answer: Protein destruction
• Ionic Bond . Answer: is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms.
(Strongest)
• Covalent Bond . Answer: also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that
involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. (Middle Strength)
• Hydrogen Bond . Answer: is the electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that
occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom
such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) experiences the electrostatic field of
another highly electronegative atom nearby.
• Carbohydrate . Answer: Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: Cn
(H2O) n. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose and gums.
• Protein . Answer: A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by
peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing
nitrogen.
• Lipid . Answer: Involve energy storage, structural component of cell membrane, and
cell signaling
(2026) | Verified Answers with In-Depth
Rationales | A+ Verified
• Coevolution Event . Answer: The process by which two or more species evolve in
tandem by exerting selection pressures on each other
• Speciation Event . Answer: A lineage-splitting event that produces two or more
separate species.
• Phylogenetic Event . Answer: The evolutionary development and history of a species
or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms. Also called phylogenesis. The evolutionary
development of an organ or other part of an organism
• Homology Event . Answer: Shared trait among species
• Mutation . Answer: A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in
such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.
• Gene Flow . Answer: is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.
Migration into or out of a population may be responsible for a marked change in allele
frequencies (the proportion of members carrying a particular variant of a gene).
• Genetic Drift . Answer: is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant
(allele) in a population due to RANDOM sampling of organisms. Ex. Earthquake or
disaster
• Artificial Selection . Answer: The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable
traits
• Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle . Answer: release stored energy through the oxidation of
acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and
chemical energy
• Calvin Cycle . Answer: is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts
during photosynthesis.
• Electron Transport Chain . Answer: A group of compounds that pass electron from one
to another via redox reactions coupled with the transfer of proton across a membrane to
create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. (Produces most ATP)
• Glycolysis . Answer: The process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and
sugars, especially glucose, are broken down, producing ATP and pyruvic acid.
, • Fermentation . Answer: Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be
released from glucose even though oxygen is not available.
• Oxidation . Answer: Specifically, it means the substance that gives away electrons is
oxidized
• Nucleus . Answer: DNA Storage
• Mitochondrion . Answer: Energy production
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) . Answer: Lipid production; Detoxification
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) . Answer: Protein production; in particular for
export out of the cell
• Ribosomes . Answer: The molecular machines that use the instructions contained in
the DNA to build all the proteins needed by the cell.
• Peroxisome . Answer: Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative enzymes
• Lysosome . Answer: Protein destruction
• Ionic Bond . Answer: is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms.
(Strongest)
• Covalent Bond . Answer: also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that
involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. (Middle Strength)
• Hydrogen Bond . Answer: is the electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that
occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom
such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) experiences the electrostatic field of
another highly electronegative atom nearby.
• Carbohydrate . Answer: Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: Cn
(H2O) n. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose and gums.
• Protein . Answer: A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by
peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing
nitrogen.
• Lipid . Answer: Involve energy storage, structural component of cell membrane, and
cell signaling
