NU 641 FINAL EXAM STUDY 130 QUESTIONS
FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⫸ Furosemide (Lasix) Answer: *loop diuretic*
MOA: Acts in the thick segment of ascending limb of the loop of Henle
to block reabsorption of Na2+ and Cl-, *Creates profound diuresis
Pharmacokinetics: PO admin- takes 60 mins to diuresis, lasts 8 hrs, 20-
80 mg, 1-2 doses daily
Therapeutic uses: Reserved for rapid situations: pulmonary edema
associated with CHF, edema of hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin that's
been unresponsive to other diuretics, HTN not controlled w other
diuretics
*want to try thiazides for less emergent first
A/E: Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia -
***BBW- profound diuresis and electrolyte depletion
ØHypotension
ØOtotoxicity - unique to loop diuretics
Drug interactions:
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low potassium
,ØOtotoxic drugs
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
⫸ Thiazide Diuretics Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide (microzia)
Chlorothiazide (diuril)
Methylclothiazide
⫸ Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) Answer: MOA: Promotes urine
production by blocking the reabsorption of Na2+ and Cl- in the early
segment of the distal convoluted tubule
Pharmacokinetics: PO- diuresis begins in 2 hours, peaks 4-6 hrs, persists
up to 12 hrs, 12.5-25 mg/day
Therapeutic uses:
ØEssential HTN
ØEdema
A/E - similar to loop
ØHyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia -
ØHypotension
, Drug interactions
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low potassium
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
⫸ Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Answer: Group of diuretics
⫸ Spironolactone (Aldactone) Answer: potassium-sparing diuretic;
aldosterone antagonist
MOA: Blocks the actions of aldosterone in the distal nephron (retention
of potassium and increased excretion of sodium)
Pharmacokinetics:
ØPO- onset of diuresis 24-48 hrs, duration 48-72 hrs, 25-100 mg/ day
Therapeutic uses - usually used in combo with another diuretic to
counteract K+ loss
ØHTN
ØEdema
ØHeart failure
A/E:
ØHyperkalemia
ØEndocrine effects - can act similar to steroid hormones
FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⫸ Furosemide (Lasix) Answer: *loop diuretic*
MOA: Acts in the thick segment of ascending limb of the loop of Henle
to block reabsorption of Na2+ and Cl-, *Creates profound diuresis
Pharmacokinetics: PO admin- takes 60 mins to diuresis, lasts 8 hrs, 20-
80 mg, 1-2 doses daily
Therapeutic uses: Reserved for rapid situations: pulmonary edema
associated with CHF, edema of hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin that's
been unresponsive to other diuretics, HTN not controlled w other
diuretics
*want to try thiazides for less emergent first
A/E: Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia -
***BBW- profound diuresis and electrolyte depletion
ØHypotension
ØOtotoxicity - unique to loop diuretics
Drug interactions:
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low potassium
,ØOtotoxic drugs
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
⫸ Thiazide Diuretics Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide (microzia)
Chlorothiazide (diuril)
Methylclothiazide
⫸ Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) Answer: MOA: Promotes urine
production by blocking the reabsorption of Na2+ and Cl- in the early
segment of the distal convoluted tubule
Pharmacokinetics: PO- diuresis begins in 2 hours, peaks 4-6 hrs, persists
up to 12 hrs, 12.5-25 mg/day
Therapeutic uses:
ØEssential HTN
ØEdema
A/E - similar to loop
ØHyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia -
ØHypotension
, Drug interactions
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low potassium
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
⫸ Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Answer: Group of diuretics
⫸ Spironolactone (Aldactone) Answer: potassium-sparing diuretic;
aldosterone antagonist
MOA: Blocks the actions of aldosterone in the distal nephron (retention
of potassium and increased excretion of sodium)
Pharmacokinetics:
ØPO- onset of diuresis 24-48 hrs, duration 48-72 hrs, 25-100 mg/ day
Therapeutic uses - usually used in combo with another diuretic to
counteract K+ loss
ØHTN
ØEdema
ØHeart failure
A/E:
ØHyperkalemia
ØEndocrine effects - can act similar to steroid hormones
