, Fifth Edition
Nursing
Ethics
Across the Curriculum and Into Practice
,Welcome to
Nursing
Ethics
Across the Curriculum and Into Practice
Fifth
Edition
The Pedagogy
Nursing Ethics: Across the Curriculum and Into Practice, Fifth Edition drives comprehension through
various strategies that meet the learning needs of students while also generating enthusiasm about
the topic. This interactive approach addresses different learning styles, making this the ideal text
to ensure mastery of key concepts. The pedagogical aids that appear in most chapters include the
following.
Objectives © Gajus/iStock/Gett
y Images
These objectives provide
CHAPTER 1
instructors and students with a hics
snapshot of the key information Introduction to Et
they will encounter in each Karen L. Rich
water.
chapter. They serve as a checklist if it gets sun and lk
become a flower —Louis Gottscha
A seed will only
to help guide and focus study.
OBJECTIVES ing:
to do the follow
er should be able these terms.
chapter, the read sophical uses of
After reading this
ls and discuss philo used throughout history.
s ethics and mora been al
1. Define the term moral reasoning as they have to use perso
in nal and profession
ms of and approaches
2. Discuss syste al theo ries
ty of ethic
3. Evaluate a varie
relationships.
ys clearly
s are not alwa
Ethical directive etimes disagree about
Ethics
Introduction to the evident, and peop
le som
and wrong. The
se factors lead
▸ throes of a
what is right
believe ethic s can be based
y, “we are in some people to . However, if
In the world toda ly embracing onal opinions
that is essential merely on pers global dialogue
giant ethical leap (Donahue, 1996, p. 484). to enter into the
nd” nurs es are than practice
all of humanki advances, eco- must do more
technological about ethics, they onal opin-
Scientific and dviews, and ly on their pers
pluralistic worl ethics based simp or the unexamined beliefs
nomic realities, it difficult for ition ,
ication make ions, their intu is important for
global commun nt ethical issue
s r peop le. It
re the importa proposed by othe nding of the
nurs es to igno yday lives, a basic understa
munity, their ever sensitive nurses to have and theories
in the world com s, approaches,
work . As controversial and es and concepts, principle s throughout history so
and their e nurs ethic
inue to challeng used in studying al issues and
ethical issues cont , many profes- and analyze ethic
re professionals they can identify the 21st cen-
other healthca
n to develop an
appreciation ant to nurses in
dilemmas relev are critical to
sionals have begu hies of ethics and the . Mat ure, ethic al sensitivities
phil osop tury
for traditional
ts of others. 3
diverse viewpoin
pm
26/11/18 12:37
ii
H01.indd 3
9781284171204_C
, The Pedagogy iii
4 Chapter 1 Intro
duction to Ethic
Ethical Reflections
s
ethical practice,
and
“we need to deve as Hope (2004) proposed,
lop our hearts Throughout histo
Develop your critical thinking
skills with these discussion-based
minds” (p. 6). as well as our ry,
culture, have enga people, based on their
ged in actions
are justifiable only they believe
to have the light
The Meaning of Eth later show othe of reason
When narrowly
nal use, ethics is
defined accordin
ics and Morals
g to its origi-
but egocentric
example of such
rwise. Following
leader such as Ado
a practice.
a charismatic
lf Hitler is an
activities that revolve around
nursing ethics.
a branch of phil
study ideal hum osophy used to
an behavior and
The approaches ways of being.
to ethics and the ETHICAL REFLEC
related concepts meanings of TION
have varied over
philosophers and time
ethicists. For exam among Consider a perso
istotle believed ple, Ar- n who believes
ideal behavior abortion
leading to the s are practices wron g based on the
position that hum is
end goal of euda is sacre an life
is synonymous imonia, which d. Can this same
person logically
with a high level that the death justify
or well-being; of
on the other hand happiness
penalty is a mora
Discuss. l action?
Kant, an 18th ,
-century philosop Immanuel
icist, believed her and eth-
ideal behavior
cordance with is acting in ac-
one’s duty. For As contrasted
meant having Kant, well-bein with ethics, mor
the freedom to g specific beliefs, als are
omy (self-determ exercise behaviors, and
ination), not bein auton- derived from
doing
ways of being
a means to an g used as
end, being treat
ed with dignity, judged to be good ethics. One’s morals are
and having the or bad through syste
capability to thin ethical analysis. matic,
As a philosoph k rationally. The reverse of
ical discipline morality, whic morality is im-
ethics is a syste of study, h means a pers
matic approach in opposition on’s
ing, analyzing, to understand- to accepted soci behavior is
and distinguishin cultural, or prof etal, religious,
right and wron g matters of essional ethic
g, good and bad, and principles; al standards
and dishonorable and admirable examples of imm
as they relate to clude dishones
of and the relat the well-being ty, fraud, murder, orality in-
ionships among abusive acts. Amo and sexually
Today, even relat sentient beings. ral is a term used
ionships between to actions norm to refer
their environm people and ally judged as
ent have entered the actions are immoral, but
ics. Ethical dete the realm of eth- don
rminations are
applied through for good characte e with a lack of concern
the use of theo r, one’s duty, or
ries, approaches, quences. For exam the conse-
conduct, such and codes of ple, murder is Intro duct
as
or code
the code
s deveoflope if a person com immoral,ion but
to Ethics
5
sions and relig condd for
uct profendoes- mits murder with
ions
ciety. com rsed by sens absolutely no
rather than a stati ,Ethi cs is
mun anity,
activor e ofso-
one’s remorsethat
Legal Perspective
e proc ess
prof ession.pleaBeca or mayare berigh
even
t orwith
thec cond ethic sureuse wron a g,
sens
use the expressio wordition , so
s issom e ethic
used wheists
n
, the pers on or
able is actin
dishonor
g in an
e of or bad,
good admir-
n doin
ally be g ethic
refer one Acts
may are
actucons- ider ableamo
. Wheral way.
n using the meth
are doing ethic ring s. Whe
to a nsitua
peop le of mor of ed
norm to ative
be nonm od
s, they
proc ess-rneed tion stanals,dardthe ethicoral
s, inquif mor
beliefs and asser elated, to orsupp s essential
howlyhum iriesalare made
Read and think critically about
tion doinort theireptiofor
g, conc do notans appl
shouyldtobeha about
is soms with
etimsoun
es overd reaso n ofexam ethicple,s choo the ve,
acts;what ought to
Feelings and lookning
ed toda
. y. Peop donsing
e inbetwcertaeen
in situa
cereal be
useemo thetion
words are andlejam often
for breaacte tion ors,toas
wha t t type of char
of everyday life ethica snorm
whe nal part
refer kfasr tone
is a non
shou -
and of
tion canactu
play ring to a colle
Whec- n peopone mor
ld have
al deci, orsion .
legal scenarios in the world
al abelie
legitfsimat the
in doing ethic
s.usin
How everterm
g the
and e role
behaviorthey
s, ther usua
le cons
shouider matters of ethic type of person
ld be.
allow their emo , peop le som
s ethic s andetim ebylly are consider s,
tionsIn
ably. tothis
overtext, moresals inter
freedchan omge- ing matters abou
ing; when this takesom good reason-
e effor in rega rd to personal choices, t
happ
distingui t has beenoblig
of nursing.
good foundatio ens, shit does
the word not sprov mad ation
e tos to other sent one’s
ethicide a mor LEGAL ient bein
d t human charPER
n for ethic
on s and men
alstsbase SPEgs,CTIV or Ejudg-
Evaluations gene their s-rel
liter al meaatedningdecis;sion
hows.ever, ethic
abou
acter. The term
comratedmon thro ugh
uses becaal use is of
used to describe un-
ethics require a the term
, the pracstice
have of geneform Commonethic
balance
used interofchan
emogeab rally , for
beeninstance, whe law s
is in
baseits nega tivems and
tion ly.and reason. n yadecid
d on custo
The following or behavior is previousl persedon’scase
char acterr than on
s rathe
features regardin cont rary
statu tes. to admirab
cepts of morals g the con- le traits
and ethics were
Billington (200 adapted from
3):
■ Probably the mos Outcomes of
t important featu normative ethic
9781284171204_C ethics and mor re about prescriptions deri s are the
H01.indd 4 als is that no one ved from aski
making ethical can avoid questions. The ng normative
decisions beca se prescription
connections with use social cept ed moral standard s include ac-
others necessita accepted moral s and code s. One such
people must cons tes that standard identifie26/11/18 12:37
ider moral and champ and Chil d by Beau-
pm
actions. ethical dress (2013) is
■ Other people morality. The the common
are always invo common mor
one’s ethical deci lved with normative belie ality consists
sions. Private fs and behavior of
does not exist. morality of a society gene s that members
rally agree abou
■ Ethical decision miliar to most t and are fa-
s matter because members of the
son’s decisions one per- norms develop society. These
often affect som within the cont
life, self-esteem, eone else’s and form a “soc ext of history
or happiness. ial compact” (p.
■ It is difficult to people should 3) about how
reach definite conc behave. Because
or resolutions in lusions can be thought it forms what
ethical debates. of as a universa
■ In the area of a wide scope, l morality with
morals and ethic the common mor
cannot exercise s, people society with a ality provides
ethical judgmen framework of
The common ethic
out being given
a choice; in othe
ts with- morality contains al stability.
r words, a ligation, characte rule
necessity for mak
ing a sound ethic r traits, and com s of ob-
ment is being al judg- ideals. The belie mon moral
able to choose fs that it is mor
from among a an option truth, exhibit lovin al to tell the
number of choi g-kindness, and
■ People use mor ces. ble are part of be charita-
al reasoning to the commonValu es and
morMora
judgmen chos e mak e mor al abor tion is not ality,l Reas
wheoninreasg
ts ortotodie
discbyover
drinking a part of the com 9
rather than deny righ poisns.
t actio onous hembeca lockuse ofbelie the many vary mon morality
his values. ved ing
Types of Ethical Inq Plato, Socrates’ its righ tness or wrongnes the influ
the soul exist s. Gerts, of
enceposi tion s about
Ethics is cate
of inquiry loso
some to have been
gori zed accordinthe
uiry
s student, is
most
to threeouts tand mist
Clou
believed byser (2006) contende greater to lesse
phi-akenlymor
each person. The
believe there refore,
in Culv
thes e three parts of
er, and
d that many peopr degrees in
one persle
Focus for Debate
pher
or study: to have everg lived
normative . Platotypes ingabou e disposed toisintel little agreeme on may be
base d on his ’s reasoning ist moral matt nt
ethics, meta whereas inlectu
Weigh in on interesting scenarios
ics, and desc belief that there areeth- pared toers, al pursuits as com-
realiriptive ethic two realm troversial issue anot her person reality, con-
normative ty. The firsts. is The first appr oach s of ested sin
are actu ally who is more inter-
the
ethics, is an attem realm of Form , small part of ethic physical plea the focus of only
prescribe valu tran scends time and pt to decide s, whic h al deci sures. a
es, behaviors, andspace. Accordin or Plato assosion ciatemak ing.
al, perfect, andways of being g to PlatoPart
relevant to the field of nursing and
an etern , icula r nonu d the tripa rtite
(Form) of all phen unchanging idea hered to bythree classnive es of rsal moralitie
Greek socisetyad-
soul with
l copy specific grou
best ps can be disti
Forms, which
omena exists in
the realm of -suited occu pation. Peop nguishedand one’s
is beyond ever to have an indi le were believed
engage in ethics-related debates.
cess. Plato belie yday human ac- vidual aptitude
ved the realm of suited to them particularly
the essence of Forms contains and their purp
concepts and obje ose in society:
the essence of cts and even ■ Philosopher king
9781284171204_C
H01.indd 5 objects’ propertie s were associate
isting in the realm s. Essences ex- the Faculty of Reas d with
of on and wisdom.
ple, a perfect Form Forms include, for exam- ■ Societal guardian
of good, redness s were associate
red), or a horse. (the color the Faculty of Spir 26/11/18 d12:37
with
In the realm of it and protectin
sence of good exist Forms, the es- ■ Artisans and g others. pm
s as ideal Truth, craftsmen were
(a particular prop and redness with the Faculty associated
erty of some obje of Appetite and
an apple) exists cts, such as work. technical
as the color red
fect state. A hors in its most per-
e in the realm
perfect specimen of Forms is the
of the animal that
and this perfect
horse contains
is a horse, FOCUS FOR DEBATE
ness factors that, all the
for example, disti horse-
horse from a cow. nguish a If Florence Nigh
tinga
Plato considere she took the posit le were alive today and
of Forms to be d the world
the real world, ion that nurses
do not live in this though humans Plato’s guardian
class and physician sent
repre
world. the artisan class s represent
The second realm , would she be
ances, which is is the world of correct?
the everyday worl Appear-
fect, decaying, d of imper-
and changing Florence Nighting
is the world in phenomena; this ale, the
which humans ern nursing, was founder of mod
lying purpose, live. The under- a -
or goal, of imp
erfec cient Greek philo passionate student of an-
ena in the worl sophy. Nighting
d of Appearances t phenom- aligned the func ale may have
their associate is to emulate tion
d essences and of Spirit (LeVasse of nurses with the Faculty
For example, perf ect Forms. ur, 1998). Because
a hors ucation in class of her ed-
strive toward beco e’s purpose in life is to ical Greek liter
ature and cultu
ming identical and her views re
specimen of a to the perfect about nursing,
horse that exist posed that Nigh LeVasseur pro-
Forms. s in the world tingale might
of her purpose as have compared
Plato also prop a nurse with the
osed that hum guar dian. In contrast, role of a societal
tripartite soul. ans have a early physician
The three parts profession deve s, whose
sist of the Facu of the soul con- loped through
lty of Reason, guilds, which apprenticeship
thought and Trut associated with emphasized tech
h, which is loca might be compare nical practices
head; the Facu ted in one’s d to the artisan ,
lty of Spirit, whic One of Plato’s class.
love, beauty, and h expresses most famous stori
the desire for etern reasoning is his es about
is located in one’s al allegory of the
chest; and the Facu life and story, a group of cave. In this
petite, which is lty of Ap- peop le lived their lives
an expression of to the floor of chained
and emotions and human a cave. Behind
is located in one’s desires fire that cast shad them burned a
gut. Plato ows of people mov
wall in front of ing on the
the people who
were chained.
9781284171204_C
H01.indd 9
26/11/18 12:37
pm
Nursing
Ethics
Across the Curriculum and Into Practice
,Welcome to
Nursing
Ethics
Across the Curriculum and Into Practice
Fifth
Edition
The Pedagogy
Nursing Ethics: Across the Curriculum and Into Practice, Fifth Edition drives comprehension through
various strategies that meet the learning needs of students while also generating enthusiasm about
the topic. This interactive approach addresses different learning styles, making this the ideal text
to ensure mastery of key concepts. The pedagogical aids that appear in most chapters include the
following.
Objectives © Gajus/iStock/Gett
y Images
These objectives provide
CHAPTER 1
instructors and students with a hics
snapshot of the key information Introduction to Et
they will encounter in each Karen L. Rich
water.
chapter. They serve as a checklist if it gets sun and lk
become a flower —Louis Gottscha
A seed will only
to help guide and focus study.
OBJECTIVES ing:
to do the follow
er should be able these terms.
chapter, the read sophical uses of
After reading this
ls and discuss philo used throughout history.
s ethics and mora been al
1. Define the term moral reasoning as they have to use perso
in nal and profession
ms of and approaches
2. Discuss syste al theo ries
ty of ethic
3. Evaluate a varie
relationships.
ys clearly
s are not alwa
Ethical directive etimes disagree about
Ethics
Introduction to the evident, and peop
le som
and wrong. The
se factors lead
▸ throes of a
what is right
believe ethic s can be based
y, “we are in some people to . However, if
In the world toda ly embracing onal opinions
that is essential merely on pers global dialogue
giant ethical leap (Donahue, 1996, p. 484). to enter into the
nd” nurs es are than practice
all of humanki advances, eco- must do more
technological about ethics, they onal opin-
Scientific and dviews, and ly on their pers
pluralistic worl ethics based simp or the unexamined beliefs
nomic realities, it difficult for ition ,
ication make ions, their intu is important for
global commun nt ethical issue
s r peop le. It
re the importa proposed by othe nding of the
nurs es to igno yday lives, a basic understa
munity, their ever sensitive nurses to have and theories
in the world com s, approaches,
work . As controversial and es and concepts, principle s throughout history so
and their e nurs ethic
inue to challeng used in studying al issues and
ethical issues cont , many profes- and analyze ethic
re professionals they can identify the 21st cen-
other healthca
n to develop an
appreciation ant to nurses in
dilemmas relev are critical to
sionals have begu hies of ethics and the . Mat ure, ethic al sensitivities
phil osop tury
for traditional
ts of others. 3
diverse viewpoin
pm
26/11/18 12:37
ii
H01.indd 3
9781284171204_C
, The Pedagogy iii
4 Chapter 1 Intro
duction to Ethic
Ethical Reflections
s
ethical practice,
and
“we need to deve as Hope (2004) proposed,
lop our hearts Throughout histo
Develop your critical thinking
skills with these discussion-based
minds” (p. 6). as well as our ry,
culture, have enga people, based on their
ged in actions
are justifiable only they believe
to have the light
The Meaning of Eth later show othe of reason
When narrowly
nal use, ethics is
defined accordin
ics and Morals
g to its origi-
but egocentric
example of such
rwise. Following
leader such as Ado
a practice.
a charismatic
lf Hitler is an
activities that revolve around
nursing ethics.
a branch of phil
study ideal hum osophy used to
an behavior and
The approaches ways of being.
to ethics and the ETHICAL REFLEC
related concepts meanings of TION
have varied over
philosophers and time
ethicists. For exam among Consider a perso
istotle believed ple, Ar- n who believes
ideal behavior abortion
leading to the s are practices wron g based on the
position that hum is
end goal of euda is sacre an life
is synonymous imonia, which d. Can this same
person logically
with a high level that the death justify
or well-being; of
on the other hand happiness
penalty is a mora
Discuss. l action?
Kant, an 18th ,
-century philosop Immanuel
icist, believed her and eth-
ideal behavior
cordance with is acting in ac-
one’s duty. For As contrasted
meant having Kant, well-bein with ethics, mor
the freedom to g specific beliefs, als are
omy (self-determ exercise behaviors, and
ination), not bein auton- derived from
doing
ways of being
a means to an g used as
end, being treat
ed with dignity, judged to be good ethics. One’s morals are
and having the or bad through syste
capability to thin ethical analysis. matic,
As a philosoph k rationally. The reverse of
ical discipline morality, whic morality is im-
ethics is a syste of study, h means a pers
matic approach in opposition on’s
ing, analyzing, to understand- to accepted soci behavior is
and distinguishin cultural, or prof etal, religious,
right and wron g matters of essional ethic
g, good and bad, and principles; al standards
and dishonorable and admirable examples of imm
as they relate to clude dishones
of and the relat the well-being ty, fraud, murder, orality in-
ionships among abusive acts. Amo and sexually
Today, even relat sentient beings. ral is a term used
ionships between to actions norm to refer
their environm people and ally judged as
ent have entered the actions are immoral, but
ics. Ethical dete the realm of eth- don
rminations are
applied through for good characte e with a lack of concern
the use of theo r, one’s duty, or
ries, approaches, quences. For exam the conse-
conduct, such and codes of ple, murder is Intro duct
as
or code
the code
s deveoflope if a person com immoral,ion but
to Ethics
5
sions and relig condd for
uct profendoes- mits murder with
ions
ciety. com rsed by sens absolutely no
rather than a stati ,Ethi cs is
mun anity,
activor e ofso-
one’s remorsethat
Legal Perspective
e proc ess
prof ession.pleaBeca or mayare berigh
even
t orwith
thec cond ethic sureuse wron a g,
sens
use the expressio wordition , so
s issom e ethic
used wheists
n
, the pers on or
able is actin
dishonor
g in an
e of or bad,
good admir-
n doin
ally be g ethic
refer one Acts
may are
actucons- ider ableamo
. Wheral way.
n using the meth
are doing ethic ring s. Whe
to a nsitua
peop le of mor of ed
norm to ative
be nonm od
s, they
proc ess-rneed tion stanals,dardthe ethicoral
s, inquif mor
beliefs and asser elated, to orsupp s essential
howlyhum iriesalare made
Read and think critically about
tion doinort theireptiofor
g, conc do notans appl
shouyldtobeha about
is soms with
etimsoun
es overd reaso n ofexam ethicple,s choo the ve,
acts;what ought to
Feelings and lookning
ed toda
. y. Peop donsing
e inbetwcertaeen
in situa
cereal be
useemo thetion
words are andlejam often
for breaacte tion ors,toas
wha t t type of char
of everyday life ethica snorm
whe nal part
refer kfasr tone
is a non
shou -
and of
tion canactu
play ring to a colle
Whec- n peopone mor
ld have
al deci, orsion .
legal scenarios in the world
al abelie
legitfsimat the
in doing ethic
s.usin
How everterm
g the
and e role
behaviorthey
s, ther usua
le cons
shouider matters of ethic type of person
ld be.
allow their emo , peop le som
s ethic s andetim ebylly are consider s,
tionsIn
ably. tothis
overtext, moresals inter
freedchan omge- ing matters abou
ing; when this takesom good reason-
e effor in rega rd to personal choices, t
happ
distingui t has beenoblig
of nursing.
good foundatio ens, shit does
the word not sprov mad ation
e tos to other sent one’s
ethicide a mor LEGAL ient bein
d t human charPER
n for ethic
on s and men
alstsbase SPEgs,CTIV or Ejudg-
Evaluations gene their s-rel
liter al meaatedningdecis;sion
hows.ever, ethic
abou
acter. The term
comratedmon thro ugh
uses becaal use is of
used to describe un-
ethics require a the term
, the pracstice
have of geneform Commonethic
balance
used interofchan
emogeab rally , for
beeninstance, whe law s
is in
baseits nega tivems and
tion ly.and reason. n yadecid
d on custo
The following or behavior is previousl persedon’scase
char acterr than on
s rathe
features regardin cont rary
statu tes. to admirab
cepts of morals g the con- le traits
and ethics were
Billington (200 adapted from
3):
■ Probably the mos Outcomes of
t important featu normative ethic
9781284171204_C ethics and mor re about prescriptions deri s are the
H01.indd 4 als is that no one ved from aski
making ethical can avoid questions. The ng normative
decisions beca se prescription
connections with use social cept ed moral standard s include ac-
others necessita accepted moral s and code s. One such
people must cons tes that standard identifie26/11/18 12:37
ider moral and champ and Chil d by Beau-
pm
actions. ethical dress (2013) is
■ Other people morality. The the common
are always invo common mor
one’s ethical deci lved with normative belie ality consists
sions. Private fs and behavior of
does not exist. morality of a society gene s that members
rally agree abou
■ Ethical decision miliar to most t and are fa-
s matter because members of the
son’s decisions one per- norms develop society. These
often affect som within the cont
life, self-esteem, eone else’s and form a “soc ext of history
or happiness. ial compact” (p.
■ It is difficult to people should 3) about how
reach definite conc behave. Because
or resolutions in lusions can be thought it forms what
ethical debates. of as a universa
■ In the area of a wide scope, l morality with
morals and ethic the common mor
cannot exercise s, people society with a ality provides
ethical judgmen framework of
The common ethic
out being given
a choice; in othe
ts with- morality contains al stability.
r words, a ligation, characte rule
necessity for mak
ing a sound ethic r traits, and com s of ob-
ment is being al judg- ideals. The belie mon moral
able to choose fs that it is mor
from among a an option truth, exhibit lovin al to tell the
number of choi g-kindness, and
■ People use mor ces. ble are part of be charita-
al reasoning to the commonValu es and
morMora
judgmen chos e mak e mor al abor tion is not ality,l Reas
wheoninreasg
ts ortotodie
discbyover
drinking a part of the com 9
rather than deny righ poisns.
t actio onous hembeca lockuse ofbelie the many vary mon morality
his values. ved ing
Types of Ethical Inq Plato, Socrates’ its righ tness or wrongnes the influ
the soul exist s. Gerts, of
enceposi tion s about
Ethics is cate
of inquiry loso
some to have been
gori zed accordinthe
uiry
s student, is
most
to threeouts tand mist
Clou
believed byser (2006) contende greater to lesse
phi-akenlymor
each person. The
believe there refore,
in Culv
thes e three parts of
er, and
d that many peopr degrees in
one persle
Focus for Debate
pher
or study: to have everg lived
normative . Platotypes ingabou e disposed toisintel little agreeme on may be
base d on his ’s reasoning ist moral matt nt
ethics, meta whereas inlectu
Weigh in on interesting scenarios
ics, and desc belief that there areeth- pared toers, al pursuits as com-
realiriptive ethic two realm troversial issue anot her person reality, con-
normative ty. The firsts. is The first appr oach s of ested sin
are actu ally who is more inter-
the
ethics, is an attem realm of Form , small part of ethic physical plea the focus of only
prescribe valu tran scends time and pt to decide s, whic h al deci sures. a
es, behaviors, andspace. Accordin or Plato assosion ciatemak ing.
al, perfect, andways of being g to PlatoPart
relevant to the field of nursing and
an etern , icula r nonu d the tripa rtite
(Form) of all phen unchanging idea hered to bythree classnive es of rsal moralitie
Greek socisetyad-
soul with
l copy specific grou
best ps can be disti
Forms, which
omena exists in
the realm of -suited occu pation. Peop nguishedand one’s
is beyond ever to have an indi le were believed
engage in ethics-related debates.
cess. Plato belie yday human ac- vidual aptitude
ved the realm of suited to them particularly
the essence of Forms contains and their purp
concepts and obje ose in society:
the essence of cts and even ■ Philosopher king
9781284171204_C
H01.indd 5 objects’ propertie s were associate
isting in the realm s. Essences ex- the Faculty of Reas d with
of on and wisdom.
ple, a perfect Form Forms include, for exam- ■ Societal guardian
of good, redness s were associate
red), or a horse. (the color the Faculty of Spir 26/11/18 d12:37
with
In the realm of it and protectin
sence of good exist Forms, the es- ■ Artisans and g others. pm
s as ideal Truth, craftsmen were
(a particular prop and redness with the Faculty associated
erty of some obje of Appetite and
an apple) exists cts, such as work. technical
as the color red
fect state. A hors in its most per-
e in the realm
perfect specimen of Forms is the
of the animal that
and this perfect
horse contains
is a horse, FOCUS FOR DEBATE
ness factors that, all the
for example, disti horse-
horse from a cow. nguish a If Florence Nigh
tinga
Plato considere she took the posit le were alive today and
of Forms to be d the world
the real world, ion that nurses
do not live in this though humans Plato’s guardian
class and physician sent
repre
world. the artisan class s represent
The second realm , would she be
ances, which is is the world of correct?
the everyday worl Appear-
fect, decaying, d of imper-
and changing Florence Nighting
is the world in phenomena; this ale, the
which humans ern nursing, was founder of mod
lying purpose, live. The under- a -
or goal, of imp
erfec cient Greek philo passionate student of an-
ena in the worl sophy. Nighting
d of Appearances t phenom- aligned the func ale may have
their associate is to emulate tion
d essences and of Spirit (LeVasse of nurses with the Faculty
For example, perf ect Forms. ur, 1998). Because
a hors ucation in class of her ed-
strive toward beco e’s purpose in life is to ical Greek liter
ature and cultu
ming identical and her views re
specimen of a to the perfect about nursing,
horse that exist posed that Nigh LeVasseur pro-
Forms. s in the world tingale might
of her purpose as have compared
Plato also prop a nurse with the
osed that hum guar dian. In contrast, role of a societal
tripartite soul. ans have a early physician
The three parts profession deve s, whose
sist of the Facu of the soul con- loped through
lty of Reason, guilds, which apprenticeship
thought and Trut associated with emphasized tech
h, which is loca might be compare nical practices
head; the Facu ted in one’s d to the artisan ,
lty of Spirit, whic One of Plato’s class.
love, beauty, and h expresses most famous stori
the desire for etern reasoning is his es about
is located in one’s al allegory of the
chest; and the Facu life and story, a group of cave. In this
petite, which is lty of Ap- peop le lived their lives
an expression of to the floor of chained
and emotions and human a cave. Behind
is located in one’s desires fire that cast shad them burned a
gut. Plato ows of people mov
wall in front of ing on the
the people who
were chained.
9781284171204_C
H01.indd 9
26/11/18 12:37
pm
