NUR 2392 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Partial compensation.
Answer: pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
◉ Full compensation.
Answer: pH is normal
◉ Acidosis.
Answer: reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons,
skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle.
◉ Alkalosis.
Answer: increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them
to OVERRESPOND without stimulation
◉ ABG considerations.
Answer: - Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac arrest from
hyperkalemia)
- Assess neuro status
,- Fall precautions
◉ Bicarb HC03.
Answer: kidney compensation (slow and powerful)
◉ Respiratory PaC02.
Answer: Respiratory compensation (fast but limited)
◉ Metabolic acidosis causes.
Answer: DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver
failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia,
ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication
◉ Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms.
Answer: bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression,
hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm,
flushed, dry skin.
◉ Metabolic acidosis treatment.
Answer: hydration and medication to treat underlying problems
(DKA - give insulin).
◉ Metabolic alkalosis causes.
, Answer: antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total
parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric
suctioning, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide
diuretics.
◉ Metabolic Alkalosis s/s.
Answer: anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK,
POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle
cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia,
norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory
effort (muscle weakness).
◉ metabolic alkalosis treatment.
Answer: restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
◉ Respiratory acidosis cause.
Answer: Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte imbalance, inadequate
chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar-
capillary block.
◉ Respiratory acidosis s/s.
Answer: bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression,
hyporeflexia, ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin.
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Partial compensation.
Answer: pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
◉ Full compensation.
Answer: pH is normal
◉ Acidosis.
Answer: reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons,
skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle.
◉ Alkalosis.
Answer: increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them
to OVERRESPOND without stimulation
◉ ABG considerations.
Answer: - Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac arrest from
hyperkalemia)
- Assess neuro status
,- Fall precautions
◉ Bicarb HC03.
Answer: kidney compensation (slow and powerful)
◉ Respiratory PaC02.
Answer: Respiratory compensation (fast but limited)
◉ Metabolic acidosis causes.
Answer: DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver
failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia,
ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication
◉ Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms.
Answer: bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression,
hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm,
flushed, dry skin.
◉ Metabolic acidosis treatment.
Answer: hydration and medication to treat underlying problems
(DKA - give insulin).
◉ Metabolic alkalosis causes.
, Answer: antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total
parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric
suctioning, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide
diuretics.
◉ Metabolic Alkalosis s/s.
Answer: anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK,
POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle
cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia,
norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory
effort (muscle weakness).
◉ metabolic alkalosis treatment.
Answer: restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
◉ Respiratory acidosis cause.
Answer: Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte imbalance, inadequate
chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar-
capillary block.
◉ Respiratory acidosis s/s.
Answer: bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression,
hyporeflexia, ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin.
