CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
DETAILED CLINICAL FINDINGS SOLUTIONS
PROFESSIONAL GUIDE
◉ "Which is more associated with edema.
Answer: arterial disease or venous disease?","Venous disease is
more associated with edema."
◉ "Why compare blood pressure in both arms for vascular disease
concern?".
Answer: "A significant difference can suggest obstruction and
prompt ultrasound workup."
◉ "What are the 6 P's of acute arterial obstruction?".
Answer: "Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis,
poikilothermia."
◉ "What does poikilothermia mean in acute arterial obstruction?".
Answer: "Inability to regulate temperature in the affected area, often
cool limb."
,◉ "What is DVT?".
Answer: "Deep vein thrombosis (clot in a deep vein)."
◉ "List DVT risk factors mentioned.".
Answer: "Immobility/sedentary lifestyle, surgery, smoking,
hormonal birth control."
◉ "Key treatment goal for DVT emphasized?".
Answer: "Prevent clot propagation and embolization, especially
pulmonary embolism."
◉ "Medication class mentioned for initial DVT management?".
Answer: "Heparin (anticoagulation)."
◉ "Which biomarkers were emphasized for myocardial injury?".
Answer: "Troponin and CK-MB."
◉ "Elevated troponin generally indicates what?".
Answer: "Myocardial cell injury."
◉ "How was stage 1 hypertension identified (range emphasized)?".
Answer: "Diastolic 80-89 mmHg."
,◉ "How was stage 2 hypertension identified?".
Answer: "Diastolic 90 mmHg or higher."
◉ "What defines hypertensive crisis in the lecture?".
Answer: "Diastolic 120 mmHg or higher."
◉ "Severe hypertension risks included what complications?".
Answer: "Stroke, aneurysm, retinopathy, renal damage."
◉ "What is pulmonary circulation?".
Answer: "Right side of heart pumps blood to lungs and returns it to
left heart."
◉ "What is systemic circulation?".
Answer: "Left side of heart pumps blood to the body and returns it
to right heart."
◉ "Stable angina is typically triggered by what?".
Answer: "Exertion and is predictable."
◉ "Unstable angina typically occurs when?".
, Answer: "At rest, unpredictable, and urgent."
◉ "Variant (Prinzmetal) angina mechanism mentioned?".
Answer: "Coronary artery spasm."
◉ "Left-sided heart failure leads to backup into where?".
Answer: "Lungs (pulmonary congestion)."
◉ "Right-sided heart failure leads to backup into where?".
Answer: "Systemic venous circulation (JVD, hepatomegaly, edema)."
◉ "What is cor pulmonale?".
Answer: "Right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension
or chronic lung disease."
◉ "Examples of chronic lung disease linked to cor pulmonale in the
lecture?".
Answer: "COPD and chronic bronchitis."
◉ Blood returns to the heart from the body through the ________..
Answer: Superior vena cava / Inferior vena cava