AGM 2050 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

AGM 2050 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 What's the importance of plans and drawings? - Answers Communication between designer and fabricator Useful in trouble shooting problems Make cost estimations faster and more accurate reduction in waste generation from a particular job Drawings - Answers Carefully drawn (use of drawing instruments) For larger, more complicated projects Drawn to scale with dimensions and different views Sketches - Answers Not a formal drawing Rough outline of object (generally freehand) Generally for small and simple objects not usually drawn to scale, represents size and/or shape Protractor - Answers used for drawing or measuring angles Triangles - Answers with both a 45 and a 30x60, inclined lines can be drawn at any angle divisible by 15 When do you use a 30x60x90 triangle? - Answers for isometric drawings What happens when you square your t-square? - Answers Thats your side, thats the only one you know that is truly 90 degrees Compass - Answers used to draw circles, arcs and ellipses Scales - Answers allows the size of the object to be reduced proportionately Engineering scale - Answers goes by 10 - metric Architecture scale - Answers standard - in inches T-Square - Answers used to layout 90 degree lines on drawings (other angles possible with use of triangles) Drawing board - Answers left and right hand edges must be straight so blade of square will form a true right angle Dividers - Answers used for measuring and transferring distances Boarder Line - Answers to frame drawing, usually 1/2" from edge of paper Object line - Answers to show visible edges of drawing Hidden line - Answers to show hidden edges on drawing ie. cut hole, something that you cannot see Do you show hidden lines on a 3D image? - Answers No Dimension line - Answers used to indicate the dimension and location Are dimension lines used in 3D images? - Answers No Break line - Answers to indicate a break in the drawing Center line - Answers shows centers, typically for drawing circles Leader Line - Answers used to insert a comment on a drawing used to leave notes ie. diameter of hole What kind of lettering needs to be used? - Answers Capital lettering with consistent sizes keep lettering outside edges of drawing object What does the number to the left of the scale indicate? - Answers The proportion by which it's scaled down What happens on scales? - Answers All increments are shortened according to proportion Orthographic drawing - Answers 2D, head on view of each side of object This is where dimensions will be, want minimal dimensions What's another name for orthographic drawing? - Answers orthographic projection Isometric Pictorial drawing - Answers 3D view with a vertical axis and the other 2 axes at 120 degrees from the vertical Oblique pictorial drawing - Answers 3D view with a vertical and horizontal axis and the 3rd axis at an angle to the horizontal Bill of Material - Answers lists the size, quantity, description and costs of each item Use standard sizes for materials so that costs can be determined easier Whats the advantage of preparing a Bill of Materials prior to starting a job? - Answers saves time and money When selecting Bill of materials.... - Answers try to select materials so you have minimum waste Procedure for developing bill of materials - Answers 1. Study the drawing carefully to understand all of the components and dimensions 2. determine the amount of raw materials required 3. determine the amount of hardware required 4. determine types and amounts of fasteners required 5. Tabulate quantities required When do you use the actual size of lumber? - Answers In a drawing When do you use the nominal size of lumber? - Answers In a bill of materials Nominal size - Answers the common sizes ie. 2x4 board Actual size - Answers the actual size of the board ie. a 2x4 is actually 1.5 x 3.5 Tool fitting definition - Answers The sharpening, cleaning, redressing, and adjusting of tools so that they can better do the work they were designed to do Most cutting tools use ________ for cutting - Answers inclined planes Single inclined plane - Answers for cutting softer things, not much materials backing the blade ie. wood chisel, mower blade, drill, saws Double inclined plane - Answers a plane made by two bevels - more material backing the blade ie. axe, cold chisel, splitting wedge Combination of inclined planes - Answers bypass shears, scissors What are the 3 shapes of cutting edges? - Answers Concave, convex, straight Straight cutting edge - Answers good backing metal, relatively sharp points, easy to sharpen ie. spade bits, mower blades, twist drills Concave cutting edge - Answers Little backing metal, very fine point ie. plane iron, tin snips Convex cutting edge - Answers most backing material, moderately fine point ie. axes, wedges What angle does a center punch need to be? - Answers 60-75° What is the angle of a cold chisel? - Answers 60-75° What is the angle of a wood chisel? - Answers 25-30° What is the angle of a twist drill? - Answers 118° How far away from the grinding wheel must the tool rest be? - Answers 1/8" How far away from the grinding wheel must the spark deflector be? - Answers 1/4" How to calculate circumference? - Answers C=pi*D (ft) Calculate Rim Speed - Answers C x RPM Rim speed - Answers number of lineal feet of grinding wheel surface that passes tool rest per minute What do you consider when selecting grinding wheels? - Answers Size of wheel, type of abrasive, size of abrasive, type of bond Size of grinding wheel must be ______ - Answers matched to machine What are the types of abrasives and what do they do? - Answers Natural and artificial abrasives determines grade of grinding wheel Flint abrasive - Answers Natural abrasive as hard as quartz but tougher Garnet abrasive - Answers natural abrasive a little harder than flint Emery Abrasive - Answers Natural abrasive almost as hard as diamond and brittle Diamond abrasive - Answers natural abrasive hardest earth material Aluminum oxide abrasive - Answers Artificial abrasive steel grinding applications Silicon Carbide abrasive - Answers artificial abrasive nonferrous (Al.) and carbide grinding Grit number - Answers number of pores per inch of sieve Large grit number = - Answers small particle size Small grit number = - Answers large particle size How are abrasives sized? - Answers with sieves What is a bond? - Answers the glue that holds the grains together determines that maximum RPM of the wheel Vitrified bond (V) - Answers used on most wheels, mixture of molten clays, glass or porcelain Rigid, strong, porous, brittle, cuts fast because of breakdown Silicate bond (S) - Answers Mild cutting action, for sharpening find edge tools Resinoid bond (B) - Answers Resilient, softens under the heat of grinding ... cut off wheels Rubber Bond (R) - Answers Smooth cutting action (cutoff wheel) similar to resin, sometimes combined with resin Grade of grinding wheel - Answers strength at which the bond holds the abrasive grain together (scale A-Z) Softer grade wheel - Answers faster cutting lower wheel life worse finish less chatter harder metals rapid stock removal large surface contact Harder grade wheel - Answers slower cutting longer wheel life better finish more chatter softer metals slower stock removal narrow surface contact Why do you dress a grinding wheel? - Answers To maintain balance reshape straight edge remove glaze How do you dress a grinding wheel? - Answers Tool: wheel dresser back and forth movement check for squareness What are wire brushes used for? - Answers removal of metal, rust, paint, burrs etc. Wire wheel brush - Answers outer circumference (face) does the work portable/stationary grinders Wire cup brush - Answers generally used with portable grinders Wire end brush - Answers portable tools in tight spaces Wire internal brish - Answers a.k.a. "side action" or "twisted wire" portable tools for holes and bores also used in manual applications How to sharpen convex edges - Answers move tool up and down and side to side to give rounded cutting edge How to sharpen concave edges - Answers transfer the curvature of the wheel to the cutting edge by side to side motions What happens when the heel angle is too small on a twist drill? - Answers not enough clearance; drill will not cut- rides on heel What happens when the heel angle is too large on a twist drill? - Answers too much clearance; cutting lip breaks off (not enough backing) How to sharpen a twist drill - Answers do not rotate too far be sure cutting lip is square across the wheel How do you sharpen a spade bit? - Answers sharpen with a flat file What metal was first used in 5000 BC? - Answers Copper When was the Bronze Age? - Answers BC What metal began being used in 4000 BC? - Answers Gold What metal began being used in 1900 BC? - Answers Iron When did the Iron Age start? - Answers 1500 BC Hardness of metals - Answers resistance to deformation (especially denting) Brittleness of metals - Answers likeliness to break when subjected to pressure What 2 mechanical properties of metals always go hand-in-hand? - Answers Hardness and brittleness Ductility of metals - Answers ease in which it can be drawn out or hammered thin Percent elongation - Answers measure of how much it will stretch Toughness - Answers shock resistance (ability to absorb energy before cracking) how well it can resist shock without breaking Wear of metal - Answers removal of material by mechanical action by liquid, solid or gas Strength of metal - Answers power to resist strain or stress how much force you can put on it before the metal begins to break Tensile strength - Answers resistance to stretching forces Compressive strength - Answers resistance to squeezing forces Shear strength - Answers resistance to eccentric forces fatigue strength - Answers resistance to yielding (repeated loads) Impact strength - Answers resistance to shock Flexure strength - Answers resistance to yielding (Single load) Chemical properties of metals - Answers composition, acidity/alkalnity, corrosion resistance Physical properties of metals - Answers dimensions, shape, specific gravity, weight, density Thermal properties of metals - Answers expansion, contraction, thermal conductivity, specific heat is it a good conductor, good heat distribution What happens when you create heat? - Answers you lose power Optical properties of metals - Answers luster, color, light transmission and reflection Electromagnetic properties of metals - Answers electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, galvanic action Acoustical properties of metals - Answers transmission and reflection of sound Space lattice - Answers the pattern made up by the chemical arrangement of atoms in a metal 9 atom, body-centered cube - Answers Strong and hard to work when cold generally mild steel, (Fe, Mo, Cr, W, V) 14 atom, face-centered cube - Answers plastic and malleable (Al, Ni, Cu, Pb, Pt, Ag) like a box, can easily collapse, soft metals can easily collapse 17 atom, close-packed hexagon - Answers non-plastic, heat to work (Cd, Co, Bi, Mg, Ti, Zn) Adhesion - Answers Two metals are stuck together with a mechanical bond - liquid flows into pores of a solid metal (brazing, soldering) T or F: During adhesion, base metals must have a higher melting point than the bracing metal - Answers True Alloy - Answers A mixture of different metals or a mixture of metals with non metals Annealing - Answers Softening metal to remove its brittleness. heat to cherry red then let cool slowly process of removing some of the brittleness How do you anneal a metal? - Answers Heat up to critical temperature (cherry red) and bring down slowly in stages (bring down a few degrees every couple minutes) What happens if you don't bring down the temperature slowly during annealing? - Answers you harden the steel Capillary action - Answers molecular force that pulls molten solder (or brazing rod) into weld joint Casting - Answers pouring metal into a mold so that it takes a certain shape after cooling Crystal structure - Answers the way molecules are arranged in a substance (generally geometrically symmetric) Fusion - Answers the mixing of molten metals - basically welding Can you fuse dissimilar metals together? - Answers No Hardening - Answers heating medium or high carbon steel to cherry red and cool it rapidly in water (quenching) Steel - Answers iron containing up to 2% carbon Tempering - Answers obtaining desired hardness and toughness in a metal How do you temper a metal? - Answers bring to a set temperature and open the doors so some carbon can be released - get desired toughness based on the amount of carbon that escapes what are the 4 main processes of manufacturing steel? - Answers Bessemer furnace, open hearth furnace, electric furnace, oxygen furnace What happens to pig iron during the furnace process? - Answers All carbon and impurities in pig iron are burned out using an oxidizing material What are the 2 types of steel? - Answers Carbon steel, alloy steel Carbon steel - Answers 80-90% of what's in production 0.05-1% carbon content 1.5 % of other elements What is affected with carbon content in steel? - Answers The strength goes up as carbon content increases, but so does hardness, brittleness and difficulty fabricating Chromium additive in steel alloys - Answers makes alloy hard increases wear resistance rust resistant 4% chromium.... stainless steel Sulfur additive in steel alloys - Answers 0.15% to aid in machinability Silicon additive in steel alloys - Answers 5% to improve electrical, mechanical and thermal properties Nickel alloy - Answers 8-25% increases toughness and strength of steel Vanadium alloy - Answers 1% increases strength of steel Tungsten alloy - Answers used for tool steels maintain cutting edge at high heat 2% Aluminum additive in steel alloys - Answers provides hardened surface Molybdenum additive in steel alloys - Answers increases hardness and endurance contributes to deep hardening corrosion resistance Oxygen additives in steel alloys - Answers forms rust with iron (iron oxide) not desirable; makes welding difficult Phosphorous additives in steel alloys - Answers found in all steels considered impurity at 0.05% improves machinability of steel Effects of carbon in steel - Answers lowers melting point increase hardness and resistance to wear increase tensile strength can cause decrease in malleability and ductility decreases toughness lowers electrical and thermal conductivity improves machinability lowers magnetic permeability What are the 4 basic metal classifications? - Answers Ferrous metals Non-ferrous metals Ferrous alloys Non-ferrous alloys Ferrous metals - Answers iron or steel (pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron, steel) Pig iron - Answers Ferrous metal liquid pure iron produced in a blast furnace so hard and brittle that it's almost useless what is pig iron used for? - Answers make wrought iron or steel Cast iron - Answers ferrous metal made by remelting pig iron and pouring into castings brittle, greatest resistance to corrosion (of ferrous metals) 3 general types of Cast iron - Answers Gray, White, Malleable Gray cast iron - Answers cooled slowly, carbon separates from iron into pockets of graphite (sprockets, stoves, manifolds) White cast iron - Answers cooled quickly to prevent separation of carbon Malleable cast iron - Answers annealed to make soft, strong and malleable - will bend slightly Wrought Iron - Answers Made by mixing pig iron with slag, which contains silicates, slag fibers are distributed throughout, giving a higher resistance to corrosion and fatigue relatively hard to work with not the strongest, toughest material Steel (ferrous metal) - Answers Characterized by carbon content Low carbon steel - Answers similar to wrought iron, but with more carbon 0.05%-0.2% carbon Medium carbon steel - Answers 0.3-0.6% carbon content High carbon steel - Answers 0.6-1% carbon content Tool steel - Answers 1-2% carbon content - high speed steel