🌈 Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals
(Class 10 Science Notes – Premium Style)
✨ 1. Introduction
Elements are divided into:
🔩 Metals
🌿 Non-metals
👉 Based on their physical & chemical properties
🔩 2. Physical Properties of Metals
🌟 Key Features:
✨ Lustrous (shiny surface)
🔨 Malleable (can be beaten into sheets)
🔌 Good conductors of heat & electricity
🔊 Sonorous (produce sound when hit)
🔗 Ductile (drawn into wires)
📌 Example: Iron, Copper, Aluminium
🎯 Diagram idea for PDF:
Draw hammer → sheet (malleability)
Draw wire → electricity flow
🌿 3. Physical Properties of Non-Metals
🌟 Key Features:
❌ Not shiny (except iodine)
❌ Not malleable or ductile
❌ Poor conductors
❌ Not sonorous
📌 Example: Oxygen, Sulfur, Carbon
⚡ 4. Chemical Properties of Metals
, 🔥 (i) Reaction with Oxygen
Metals + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
👉 Example:
Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
📌 Nature: Basic
💧 (ii) Reaction with Water
Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
👉 Example:
Sodium + Water → Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
⚠️ Some metals react violently (Na, K)
🧪 (iii) Reaction with Acids
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
👉 Example:
Zinc + HCl → Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen
🌿 5. Chemical Properties of Non-Metals
React with oxygen → Acidic oxides
Do NOT react with acids
Gain electrons → form anions
🔁 6. Reactivity Series
📊 Definition: Arrangement of metals based on reactivity
🔥 Top = Most reactive
Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Calcium (Ca)
❄️ Bottom = Least reactive
Gold (Au)
Silver (Ag)
(Class 10 Science Notes – Premium Style)
✨ 1. Introduction
Elements are divided into:
🔩 Metals
🌿 Non-metals
👉 Based on their physical & chemical properties
🔩 2. Physical Properties of Metals
🌟 Key Features:
✨ Lustrous (shiny surface)
🔨 Malleable (can be beaten into sheets)
🔌 Good conductors of heat & electricity
🔊 Sonorous (produce sound when hit)
🔗 Ductile (drawn into wires)
📌 Example: Iron, Copper, Aluminium
🎯 Diagram idea for PDF:
Draw hammer → sheet (malleability)
Draw wire → electricity flow
🌿 3. Physical Properties of Non-Metals
🌟 Key Features:
❌ Not shiny (except iodine)
❌ Not malleable or ductile
❌ Poor conductors
❌ Not sonorous
📌 Example: Oxygen, Sulfur, Carbon
⚡ 4. Chemical Properties of Metals
, 🔥 (i) Reaction with Oxygen
Metals + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
👉 Example:
Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
📌 Nature: Basic
💧 (ii) Reaction with Water
Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
👉 Example:
Sodium + Water → Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
⚠️ Some metals react violently (Na, K)
🧪 (iii) Reaction with Acids
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
👉 Example:
Zinc + HCl → Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen
🌿 5. Chemical Properties of Non-Metals
React with oxygen → Acidic oxides
Do NOT react with acids
Gain electrons → form anions
🔁 6. Reactivity Series
📊 Definition: Arrangement of metals based on reactivity
🔥 Top = Most reactive
Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Calcium (Ca)
❄️ Bottom = Least reactive
Gold (Au)
Silver (Ag)
