WND 580 - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

WND 580 - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Intermittent claudication leg pain is characterized as pain that occurs: a. With activity and is relieved by rest. . Only during the night. c. In the absence of activity with the leg in a dependent position. d. When the leg is elevated such as when the patient is lying supine. - Answers a. With activity and is relieved by rest. As you examine a patient's lower extremity you observe a thin leg with dry skin and very little hair; the ABI is 0.5. From this data, what condition would you assess to be present? a. Arterial insufficiency. b. Venous hypertension. c. Neuropathy. d. Mixed arterial/venous ulcer. - Answers a. Arterial insufficiency. Which of the following statements about inelastic compression bandages is accurate? a. They are only effective in the ambulatory patient. b. They may be used when the ABI = 0.5 or less. c. They can only be used after edema is reduced. d. They provide sustained compression whether the patient is ambulatory or immobile. - Answers a. They are only effective in the ambulatory patient. What is Mrs. Lang's foot deformity called when there is a rocker bottom appearance to her foot? a. Claw toes. b. Charcot's joint. c. Hammer toes. d. Onychomycosis. - Answers b. Charcot's joint. Which of the following statements about contact casting is correct? a. The contact cast is a multi-layer graduated compression wrap. b. The patient can be instructed to replace the contact cast every 7 days. c. It may be used when the ulcer is infected. d. The contact cast redistributes the weight of the diabetic foot. - Answers d. The contact cast redistributes the weight of the diabetic foot. Mrs. Anderson has dependent rubor and elevation pallor of her right lower extremity. The systolic pressure in her R. arm is 170 mmHg; L arm is 165 mmHg, R. dorsal pedis systolic pressure was 100 mmHg and the posterior tibial pressure was 95 mmHg. What is Mrs. Anderson's ABI for the RLE? a. .056 b. 1.7 c. 0.59 d. 1.65 - Answers c. 0.59 An ambulatory patient with insulin dependent diabetes has an ulcer located on the plantar surface of the left foot over the third metatarsal head. The ulcer is 1 cm in diameter, with a dry, red surface. The patient denies any pain in the ulcer. What type of wound does this most likely represent? a. Venous Ulcer. b. Neuropathic Ulcer. c. Shear Ulcer. d. Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer. - Answers b. Neuropathic Ulcer. Which of the following assessments is most indicative of an arterial ulcer? a. The presence of pain. b. Absence of edema in the leg. c. An ABI of 0.7. d. Absence of a ruddy, red wound bed. - Answers c. An ABI of 0.7. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Venous dermatitis: a. indicates a wound infection. b. is characterized by hemosiderosis. c. results in erythema, crusting, scaling skin of the leg. d. is best managed with topical antimicrobial creams. - Answers c. results in erythema, crusting, scaling skin of the leg. Which of the following statements concerning the management of a mixed venous/arterial ulcer with an ABI of .75 is TRUE? a. Graduated compression is contraindicated. b. Graduated compression can be provided at a modified level of support. c. Graduated compression should be used temporarily to reduce edema and then discontinued. d. Graduated compression should be provided only with compression stockings - Answers b. Graduated compression can be provided at a modified level of support. Mrs. James has an eschar covered heel ulcer and you decide that the best approach to management is NOT to debride but to keep the eschar covered, dry and intact. The rationale for your decision is that the: a. wound is clinically infected. b. TcPO2 (transcutaneous oxygen) is 15 mmHg. c. peri-wound is erythematous. d. albumin level is 3.0. - Answers b. TcPO2 (transcutaneous oxygen) is 15 mmHg. A patient in the outpatient wound clinic has a venous ulcer and with palpation, the skin around the ulcer feels firm and woody or hardened. This describes what condition? a. Lipodermatosclerosis. b. Atrophie blanche. c. Hemosiderin deposition. d. Venous dermatitis. - Answers a. Lipodermatosclerosis. Mrs. Jones has an ulcer located on the dorsal surface of the third toe on the left foot. The ulcer is 1 cm in diameter, with a dry, pale pink wound bed. She reports significant pain in the ulcer and denies any history of diabetes. What is the MOST likely cause of this ulcer? a. Venous hypertension. b. Neuropathy. c. Pressure. d. Arterial insufficiency. - Answers d. Arterial insufficiency. The wound nurse is providing discharge education to a patient who suffered a deep partial thickness burn to their lower extremity. What intervention would be most appropriate in the plan of care? a. Topical triple antibiotic ointment. b. Moisturizers and OTC antihistamines. c. Application of ice packs every 2 hours for 10 minutes. d. Daily soaking in tub with disinfectant. - Answers b. Moisturizers and OTC antihistamines. Lymphedema is the accumulation of: a. Platelet rich fluid in the soft tissue. b. Protein rich fluid in the soft tissue. c. Cytokine rich fluid in the soft tissue. d. Inflammatory cells in the soft tissue. - Answers b. Protein rich fluid in the soft tissue. What diagnostic test is considered the "Gold Standard" for diagnosing LEVD (lower extremity venous disease)? a. ABI (ankle brachial index). b. TcPo2 (Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement). c. Duplex ultrasound. d. Segmental limb pressure. - Answers c. Duplex ultrasound. Mr. Best has been diagnosed with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). What risk factor for arterial disease may have played the greatest role in atherosclerosis development? a. Alcoholism. b. Diabetes mellitus. c. Sedentary lifestyle. d. Hypothyroidism. - Answers b. Diabetes mellitus. You are observing the limbs of a new patient and note that one limb has brawny non-pitting edema from the toes to groin and positive Stemmer sign while the other is without edema and no distortion in the leg shape. What type of disorder is this patient most likely suffering from? a. Venous disease. b. Lipedema. c. Lymphedema. d. Dependent edema. - Answers c. Lymphedema. Mr. Benn's venous ulcers have now resolved completely. You have fitted him with proper below the knee compression stockings. Your discharge instructions include which of the following? a. Do not remove stockings at bedtime, only when showering or bathing. b. Apply stocking upon rising in the morning. c. Launder the stockings at least weekly. d. Do not perform ankle exercises while wearing the stockings. - Answers b. Apply stocking upon rising in the morning. You are providing some patient education for a patient at risk for a neuropathic foot ulcer in obtaining proper footwear, which of the following is the MOST important factor when selecting proper foot wear? a. Both feet should be measured, and shoes sized to the smaller foot. b. Shoes should be sized in the afternoon to accommodate foot edema. c. Patients should not stand when being sized for new shoes. d. Allow for 1/8th inch space beyond the longest toe. - Answers b. Shoes should be sized in the afternoon to accommodate foot edema. The wound care nurse is evaluating an obese patient with a dehiscent surgical wound following an abdominal hernia repair with biological mesh. Wound base has an adherent slough without evidence of granulation tissue. The wound nurse recommends the following initial topical wound management? a. Collagen product to stimulate granulation b. Enzymatic debridement ointment (collagenase) c. Short term use of sodium hypochlorite 0.125% d. Irrigate wound with at least 500-1000 mL normal saline - Answers d. Irrigate wound with at least 500-1000 mL normal saline An elderly female developed a dehisced wound following abdominal surgery for a bowel obstruction. Which of the following conditions BEST explains what placed her at risk for developing a wound dehiscence? a. Blood glucose levels ranging from 90 to 150. b. History of radiation in the surgical field. c. A prealbumin level of 28. d. No postop dressing used. - Answers b. History of radiation in the surgical field. The wound nurse is evaluating a homecare patient reporting on new onset of terrible right thigh pain and flu like symptoms. The nurse notes spreading redness to the thigh, with skin blisters/bullae and crepitus upon palpation as well as a dusk blue-gray appearance. What is the most likely cause of this and what are the next intervention steps? a. Necrotizing Fasciitis, call 911 for immediate evaluation. b. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), refer to primary care provider. c. Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD), refer to oncologist. d. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS), call 911 for immediate evaluation. - Answers a. Necrotizing Fasciitis, call 911 for immediate evaluation. Which of the following causes of massive tissue loss is most commonly associated with a severe drug reaction? a. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB). b. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). c. Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD). d. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS). - Answers b. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). The nursing staff calls you because a patient suffered an extravasation of Vancomycin at a peripheral IV site, your immediate instructions are to: a. Call the surgeon to schedule an immediate surgical debridement and skin grafting. b. Apply pressure to the IV site for 30 minutes. c. Flush IV site with Normal Saline and apply warm compress to site. d. Recommend topical wound therapy once residual drug is aspirated. - Answers d. Recommend topical wound therapy once residual drug is aspirated. A patient has pyoderma gangrenosum with a LE ulceration. It is acutely painful and typically breaks down to form a progressively larger ulceration with a bright red "halo" on the ulcer border. It also typically has a purple (violaceous) border and may have undermining at the wound edges, inflamed, necrotic base, boggy tissue, purulent drainage. The treatment for this problem is to: a. Debride the necrotic tissue. b. Culture the wound and then apply silver sulfadiazine (SSD) twice daily secured with rolled gauze. c. Apply a hydrocolloid dressing and change twice a week. d. Treat the underlying disease. - Answers d. Treat the underlying disease. The wound nurse is evaluating a patient that developed foot frostbite. Skin assessment includes edema of the toes, erythema, and small blister formation. What level is the skin injury and what topical management would be the best approach? a. Frostnip; moisturize with aloe vera gel and encourage the use of wool socks to keep feet warm. b. First-degree frostbite; soak the feet in cool water and Epsom salts for 30 minutes. c. Second-degree frostbite; use ibuprofen as directed and aloe vera gel with non-adherent dressing d. Deep frostbite; recommend prompt debridement and daily foam dressing. - Answers c. Second-degree frostbite; use ibuprofen as directed and aloe vera gel with non-adherent dressing The wound nurse is evaluating a patient with a foot ulcer and reviews the patient's past medical history. Which of the following co-morbidities are MAJOR clues this wound is neuropathic in origin? a. Obesity, peripheral artery disease, advanced age b. Elevated cholesterol, smoker, obesity c. Trauma to lower legs, peripheral artery disease, tobacco use d. Metabolic syndrome, B12 deficiency, history of Hansen's disease - Answers d. Metabolic syndrome, B12 deficiency, history of Hansen's disease You were called to the Cancer Center to evaluate a patient receiving daily radiation to his R. neck region. You note primarily dry desquamation with small patches of weeping skin, redness and edema. Which treatment modality would be the MOST appropriate for this patient? a. A moisture retentive adhesive dressing b. Discontinue bathing/showers, clean with sterile normal saline c. Hydrocolloid sheet dressing, change 3 times per week d. Apply unscented hydrophillic creams twice daily - Answers d. Apply unscented hydrophillic creams twice daily You are educating an outpatient wound clinic staff regarding differentiating lower extremity leg ulcer etiology. Which of the co-factors did you list that represent significant risk for the development of lower extremity venous disease (LEVD)? a. Obesity, peripheral artery disease, advanced age b. Family history, multiple pregnancies, thrombolytic conditions c. Elevated cholesterol, smoker, family history d. Trauma to lower legs, vaginal deliveries, tobacco use - Answers b. Family history, multiple pregnancies, thrombolytic conditions Mr. Flores has developed a leg ulcer of 6 weeks duration in a burn scar area sustained 10 years ago. What would be the next step in the management of this leg ulcer? a. Obtain an ankle brachial index (ABI) and instruct on moist wound healing b. Assure adequate blood flow then apply correct compression wrap c. Referral to dermatology for biopsy due to risk of a Marjolin's ulcer d. Appropriate moist wound healing, antihistamine & moisturizer for chronic itching - Answers c. Referral to dermatology for biopsy due to risk of a Marjolin's ulcer Which single risk factor is MOST likely to lead to a surgical incision complication i.e. incisional failure or SSI (surgical site infection)? a. Pain. b. Hypothermia. c. Tissue hypoxia. d. Obesity. - Answers d. Obesity. Your 80 y/o patient with diabetes is scheduled to have surgery to repair a hip fracture. What is the BEST POST-OP intervention to minimize her Surgical Site Infection (SSI) risk. a. Give supplemental oxygen prior to surgery. b. Maximize protein intake. c. Prevent hyperglycemia. d. Keep the patient warm. - Answers c. Prevent hyperglycemia. A routine baseline assessment of the lower leg in a patient with diabetes and neuropathy should include: a. Segmental pressures. b. Duplex imaging. c. Sensory testing with a monofilament. d. Pulse volume recording (PVR). - Answers c. Sensory testing with a monofilament. Your patient was discharged from the burn center and returns to the outpatient clinic tearful and distraught due to reoccurring blisters in the healed burn wound region. The BEST explanation to this occurrence is? a. Blisters are a normal result of the healing process. The skin will get tougher with each passing week. b. Minor trauma can cause small blisters to form because the cohesion between skin layers in reduced. c. Chronic itching is causing this trauma so educate them to put a moisturizer on the skin and clip their nails. d. Rubbing creams to the area too aggressively can cause skin re-injury. Switch to a lotion and apply gently. - Answers b. Minor trauma can cause small blisters to form because the cohesion between skin layers in reduced. Mrs. Canfield is intubated with her HOB elevated 45 degrees. She has a Stage 3 pressure injury on her coccyx with undermining. Which of the following risk factors is most responsible for undermining in the pressure injury? a. Shear from having the head of bed elevated to 45 degrees. b. Friction from her turning from side to side. c. Local infection in the wound. d. Excess moisture in the wound bed. - Answers a. Shear from having the head of bed elevated to 45 degrees. A patient with paraplegia is in the wound clinic to have a new seating surface re-evaluated. You notice a serous fluid filled blister on the left heel which you document as a pressure injury in what Stage? a. Stage 1. b. Stage 2. c. Stage 3. d. Stage 4. - Answers b. Stage 2.