Anthropology 2200 Final Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Hominids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-humans and apes
| | | | |
Hominins (tribe Hominini) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Humans and their close
| | | | | | | | |
ancestors
How many years ago did the Chimp ancestral line and the human ancestral line
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
split? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-~8-10 mya
| | | |
Mosaic evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-different hominid features evolved at
| | | | | | | | |
different times, that is why early hominins show a mixture of shared ancestral
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and shared derived traits
| | |
derived traits - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-newly-evolved features
| | | | |
5 defining hominin traits and when they evolved - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
1)Bipedalism ~6mya |
2)Nonhoning chewing ~5.5 mya | | |
3)Material culture and tools ~2.5 mya | | | | |
4)Spoken language ~2.5 mya | | |
5) Cooperative hunting ~1 mya
| | | |
,Non-honing chewing complex - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-no diastema, a small
| | | | | | | | |
canine, and no honing
| | |
Key skeletal features of bipedalism (13) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1)foramen
| | | | | | | | |
magnum is located inferiorly
| | |
2)s-shaped vertebral column | |
3)human vertebrae get larger from cervical to lumbar
| | | | | | |
4)Humans have fairly small spinous processes
| | | | |
5)shorter, wider pelvis | |
6)obstetric dilemma |
7)larger hip joints
| |
8)knees angled inward(valgus knees)
| | |
9)wider foot surface, smaller toes
| | | |
10) double arched feet to reduce risk of fatigue fractures
| | | | | | | | |
11)adducted hallux |
12)long legs relative to trunk and arms
| | | | | |
13)hand phalanges less curved
| | |
double-arched foot - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-transverse arch-running medial to
| | | | | | | |
lateral
longitudinal arch- running length of foot
| | | | |
, Advantages to bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--requires a small amount of
| | | | | | | | | |
energy
-high positional flexibility
| |
Disadvantages to bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--vulnerability to age-related
| | | | | | |
chronic degenerative diseases
| | |
negative effects linked to bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--slipped disks
| | | | | | | |
-lower back pain | |
-weak, exposed abdomen
| |
-obstetric difficulties |
-weak knees |
-varicose veins |
-fallen arches |
4 Hypotheses for the origins of bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Hunting
| | | | | | | | | |
Hypothesis
-Patchy Forest Hypothesis
| |
-Thermoregulation Hypothesis |
-Male Provisioning Hypothesis
| |
Hunting Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Darwin, natural selection favored
| | | | | | | |
bipedalism because hominins that had their hands free were able to carry tools
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and weapons for hunting
| | |
With Correct Answers
Hominids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-humans and apes
| | | | |
Hominins (tribe Hominini) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Humans and their close
| | | | | | | | |
ancestors
How many years ago did the Chimp ancestral line and the human ancestral line
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
split? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-~8-10 mya
| | | |
Mosaic evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-different hominid features evolved at
| | | | | | | | |
different times, that is why early hominins show a mixture of shared ancestral
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and shared derived traits
| | |
derived traits - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-newly-evolved features
| | | | |
5 defining hominin traits and when they evolved - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
1)Bipedalism ~6mya |
2)Nonhoning chewing ~5.5 mya | | |
3)Material culture and tools ~2.5 mya | | | | |
4)Spoken language ~2.5 mya | | |
5) Cooperative hunting ~1 mya
| | | |
,Non-honing chewing complex - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-no diastema, a small
| | | | | | | | |
canine, and no honing
| | |
Key skeletal features of bipedalism (13) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1)foramen
| | | | | | | | |
magnum is located inferiorly
| | |
2)s-shaped vertebral column | |
3)human vertebrae get larger from cervical to lumbar
| | | | | | |
4)Humans have fairly small spinous processes
| | | | |
5)shorter, wider pelvis | |
6)obstetric dilemma |
7)larger hip joints
| |
8)knees angled inward(valgus knees)
| | |
9)wider foot surface, smaller toes
| | | |
10) double arched feet to reduce risk of fatigue fractures
| | | | | | | | |
11)adducted hallux |
12)long legs relative to trunk and arms
| | | | | |
13)hand phalanges less curved
| | |
double-arched foot - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-transverse arch-running medial to
| | | | | | | |
lateral
longitudinal arch- running length of foot
| | | | |
, Advantages to bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--requires a small amount of
| | | | | | | | | |
energy
-high positional flexibility
| |
Disadvantages to bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--vulnerability to age-related
| | | | | | |
chronic degenerative diseases
| | |
negative effects linked to bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--slipped disks
| | | | | | | |
-lower back pain | |
-weak, exposed abdomen
| |
-obstetric difficulties |
-weak knees |
-varicose veins |
-fallen arches |
4 Hypotheses for the origins of bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Hunting
| | | | | | | | | |
Hypothesis
-Patchy Forest Hypothesis
| |
-Thermoregulation Hypothesis |
-Male Provisioning Hypothesis
| |
Hunting Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Darwin, natural selection favored
| | | | | | | |
bipedalism because hominins that had their hands free were able to carry tools
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and weapons for hunting
| | |
