CHEM 219 MODULE 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026
organic chemistry - Answers the study of all chemicals containing carbon
Catenation - Answers the process or preference of an element to bond with another atom of the
same element
Valence - Answers the number of bonds an atom will form to fill its outermost shell
ionic bond - Answers Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
covalent bond - Answers A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in
a molecule
diatomic elements - Answers molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same elements
polar covalent bond - Answers A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
bond order - Answers the number of bonds between atoms
Unsaturated compound - Answers A compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple
bond between carbon atoms
molecular formula - Answers Conveys the number and type of different atoms present in a
compound
structural formula - Answers Conveys the number and type of different atoms present in a compound
and also shows a pattern of connectivity between the atoms in the molecule
isomers - Answers Molecules that have the same number and type of atoms of different
arrangements of the atoms
Constitutional or structural isomer - Answers Compounds with the same molecular formula that have
different connectivity between the atoms in their structural formula
branched chains - Answers Smaller chains of carbon that sprout from the longest chains
rings (cyclic chains) - Answers Ends of a carbon chain connected to each other
heteroatoms - Answers Atoms other than carbon or hydrogen bonded in or to the carbon skeleton at
various positions
functional groups - Answers A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon
skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions
formal charge - Answers The electrical charge possessed by an atom when bonded in a molecule
resonance structure - Answers Two or more structural formulae of a molecule with identical
arrangements of the atoms but different arrangements of the electrons in each
hybrid form - Answers An average or blend of all the individual resonance structures that can be
drawn for a given molecule
curved arrow notation - Answers A convention that shows how electron position differs between two
resonance forms
quantum mechanics - Answers The branch of science that deals with the mathematical description of
the motion and interaction of subatomic particles
orbital - Answers A region of space around the nucleus in which there is a greater possibility of
finding an electron (>90%)
node - Answers the center of each atomic orbital; there is zero probability of finding electron
theory of atomic orbital hybridization - Answers mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals
suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion - Answers A tool for determining the shape around Atoms in
molecules based on our analysis of the patterns of electrons around them
organic chemistry - Answers the study of all chemicals containing carbon
Catenation - Answers the process or preference of an element to bond with another atom of the
same element
Valence - Answers the number of bonds an atom will form to fill its outermost shell
ionic bond - Answers Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
covalent bond - Answers A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in
a molecule
diatomic elements - Answers molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same elements
polar covalent bond - Answers A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
bond order - Answers the number of bonds between atoms
Unsaturated compound - Answers A compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple
bond between carbon atoms
molecular formula - Answers Conveys the number and type of different atoms present in a
compound
structural formula - Answers Conveys the number and type of different atoms present in a compound
and also shows a pattern of connectivity between the atoms in the molecule
isomers - Answers Molecules that have the same number and type of atoms of different
arrangements of the atoms
Constitutional or structural isomer - Answers Compounds with the same molecular formula that have
different connectivity between the atoms in their structural formula
branched chains - Answers Smaller chains of carbon that sprout from the longest chains
rings (cyclic chains) - Answers Ends of a carbon chain connected to each other
heteroatoms - Answers Atoms other than carbon or hydrogen bonded in or to the carbon skeleton at
various positions
functional groups - Answers A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon
skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions
formal charge - Answers The electrical charge possessed by an atom when bonded in a molecule
resonance structure - Answers Two or more structural formulae of a molecule with identical
arrangements of the atoms but different arrangements of the electrons in each
hybrid form - Answers An average or blend of all the individual resonance structures that can be
drawn for a given molecule
curved arrow notation - Answers A convention that shows how electron position differs between two
resonance forms
quantum mechanics - Answers The branch of science that deals with the mathematical description of
the motion and interaction of subatomic particles
orbital - Answers A region of space around the nucleus in which there is a greater possibility of
finding an electron (>90%)
node - Answers the center of each atomic orbital; there is zero probability of finding electron
theory of atomic orbital hybridization - Answers mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals
suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion - Answers A tool for determining the shape around Atoms in
molecules based on our analysis of the patterns of electrons around them
