SCH4U EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
atomic number - Answers the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of a particular element
atomic radius - Answers measure of the size of the elements atoms
electron configuration - Answers a shorthand notation that shows the number and arrangement of
electrons in an atom's orbitals
orbital - Answers solved wave functions that describe a region of probable location of electrons
excited state - Answers any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground
state
ground state - Answers the most stable energy state
ionization energy - Answers the energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an
isolated gaseous atom to form a cation
valence electrons - Answers electrons that occupy the outer occupied energy level of an atom in its
ground state
isotope - Answers two or more forms of the same element that contain an equal number or protons
but a different number of neutrons
mass number - Answers the number or protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom
electronegativity - Answers a relative measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a
chemical bond
principal quantum number - Answers a positive whole number that indicates the energy level and
relative size of an atomic orbital
quantum number - Answers a number that occurs in the theoretical expression
isoelectronic - Answers having the same number of electrons
expanded valence - Answers the valence energy level of a central atom, where the valence energy
level has more than eight electrons
coordinate covalent bond - Answers a covalent bond in which one atom contributes both electrons to
the shared electron pair bond
polar molecule - Answers having partial positive and partial negative charges
intra-molecular attraction - Answers the forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule
together
London dispersion forces - Answers weakest intermolecular force
hydrogen bonding - Answers the strong intermolecular attraction between molecules that contain a
hydrogen atom bonded to an atom of a highly electronegative element, especially oxygen
intermolecular attraction - Answers forces that act between molecules or ions to influence the
physical properties of compounds
octet rule - Answers the rule stating that atoms bond in such a way as to attain eight electrons in
their valence shells
polar covalent bond - Answers a bond in which electrons are unequally shared between two atoms
metallic bonding - Answers the force of attraction between positively charge metal ions, and the pool
of valence electrons that moves among them
dipole-dipole forces - Answers an intermolecular attraction between opposite charges of polar
molecules
VSEPR Theory - Answers a model used, in chemistry, to predict the geometry of individual molecules
from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms
enthalpy - Answers the total kinetic energy and potential energy of a substance
endothermic reaction - Answers process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its
surroundings, usually in the form of heat
exothermic reaction - Answers a reaction that results in a net release of energy, usually in the form of
heat
thermochemical equation - Answers a balanced chemical equation that indicates the amount of
energy absorbed or released by the reaction it represents
calorimetry - Answers the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as
well as heat capacity
specific heat capacity - Answers a measure of the amount of heat that is needed to raise the
temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree celsius or 1 K
atomic number - Answers the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of a particular element
atomic radius - Answers measure of the size of the elements atoms
electron configuration - Answers a shorthand notation that shows the number and arrangement of
electrons in an atom's orbitals
orbital - Answers solved wave functions that describe a region of probable location of electrons
excited state - Answers any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground
state
ground state - Answers the most stable energy state
ionization energy - Answers the energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an
isolated gaseous atom to form a cation
valence electrons - Answers electrons that occupy the outer occupied energy level of an atom in its
ground state
isotope - Answers two or more forms of the same element that contain an equal number or protons
but a different number of neutrons
mass number - Answers the number or protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom
electronegativity - Answers a relative measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a
chemical bond
principal quantum number - Answers a positive whole number that indicates the energy level and
relative size of an atomic orbital
quantum number - Answers a number that occurs in the theoretical expression
isoelectronic - Answers having the same number of electrons
expanded valence - Answers the valence energy level of a central atom, where the valence energy
level has more than eight electrons
coordinate covalent bond - Answers a covalent bond in which one atom contributes both electrons to
the shared electron pair bond
polar molecule - Answers having partial positive and partial negative charges
intra-molecular attraction - Answers the forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule
together
London dispersion forces - Answers weakest intermolecular force
hydrogen bonding - Answers the strong intermolecular attraction between molecules that contain a
hydrogen atom bonded to an atom of a highly electronegative element, especially oxygen
intermolecular attraction - Answers forces that act between molecules or ions to influence the
physical properties of compounds
octet rule - Answers the rule stating that atoms bond in such a way as to attain eight electrons in
their valence shells
polar covalent bond - Answers a bond in which electrons are unequally shared between two atoms
metallic bonding - Answers the force of attraction between positively charge metal ions, and the pool
of valence electrons that moves among them
dipole-dipole forces - Answers an intermolecular attraction between opposite charges of polar
molecules
VSEPR Theory - Answers a model used, in chemistry, to predict the geometry of individual molecules
from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms
enthalpy - Answers the total kinetic energy and potential energy of a substance
endothermic reaction - Answers process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its
surroundings, usually in the form of heat
exothermic reaction - Answers a reaction that results in a net release of energy, usually in the form of
heat
thermochemical equation - Answers a balanced chemical equation that indicates the amount of
energy absorbed or released by the reaction it represents
calorimetry - Answers the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as
well as heat capacity
specific heat capacity - Answers a measure of the amount of heat that is needed to raise the
temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree celsius or 1 K
