IT 304 Exam Study Guide 2026/2027: Verified Questions with Fully Worked Solutions | Complete & Accurate Edition for Guaranteed Success (Latest Version)

1. The demographic transition Which 2 countries accounted for 50-60% of the World Economy in 1500 A.D.? - Answer️India and China Agrarian society - Answer️Society who's economy is based on producing and maintaining crops (agriculture). John Mynard Keynes proposed.... - Answer️A universal currency and countries paying into something like the IMF Industrial revolutions have a tendency to..... - Answer️Increase GDP per person In the preinduistrial world, technologiucal advance produced _______, not wealth. - Answer️people Income per person _________ between 1310's and 1450's because of the plague. - Answer️doubled Despite the large income gap, people with lower incomes are _________ happy than those with higher incomes. - Answer️only moderately less Of all the voice-calling minutes used in the world in 2011, what percentage was accounted for by cross-border phone calls? - Answer️2% What percent of the world's population consists of first-generation immigrants? - Answer️3% Of all the investment that occurs in the world, what percentage is accounted for by FDI (foreign direct investment)? - Answer️10% By 2030, ____________ of world's population is expected to live in cities: - Answer️2/3rd Which of these is NOT one of the ten flatteners identified by Friedman: - Answer️Inshoring Who has characterized the world as "spiky"? - Answer️Richard Florida In his talk, Khanna calls the confluence of connectivity and geography: - Answer️Connectography Both these scholars are concerned about urbanization's role in globalization: - Answer️Florida and Khanna Approximately, what percentage of US federal budget goes to foreign aid? - Answer️1% In 2015, which country announced the creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank? - Answer️China In 1995, the following company, that introduced the first Web browser, went public: - Answer️Netscape What does Friedman NOT mean by "The World is Flat"? - Answer️The earth's shape has changed over the past century and become flatter According to Friedman, what is the Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention: - Answer️It states that no two countries that share a Dell supply chain will go to war According to Friedman, what is the best way to improve the state of the poor across the globe: - Answer️Improve local governance According to the DHL Global Connectedness Index, what is increasing at the fastest pace: - Answer️Information flows In the Global Connectedness Index, what does "breadth" refer to: - Answer️How many different countries a particular country interacts with According to Mwenda, the budget of Uganda, his home country, is: - Answer️110% of its revenue According to Brown, what is one issue facing the world today that cannot be solved without involving all countries: - Answer️Climate change In a "spiky" world, what is the primary thing concentrated in urban areas: - Answer️Talent What percentage of users' Facebook friends are located in a country other than where the user is based? - Answer️Between 10-15% How did the number of deaths per year from natural disasters change during the last century? - Answer️Decreased to less than half On average, how much schooling have women who are currently 30 years old have? - Answer️7 years In the last 20 years, how did the percentage of people in the world who live in extreme poverty change? (Extreme poverty is defined as not having enough food for the day). - Answer️Almost halved What is the percentage of the world's one-year-olds that have basic vaccine against measles? - Answer️80% Why do people usually provide a wrong answer to survey questions asked by Hans Rosling? - Answer️Their experiences are not representative and they have outdated facts What, according to Hans and Ola Rosling, should NOT be the rule of thumbs when responding to survey questions: - Answer️Things do not improve What is the name of the website that Hans Rosling demonstrates in the video? - Answer️GapMinder What name has Jon Gosier given to, what he calls, the "blind championing of technology": - Answer️Trickle-down Techonomics According to Brewer et al., which is NOT one of the things that make it the right time to deploy ICT in developing regions: - Answer️Decreased cost of building infrastructure What are the four main technology needs identified by Brewer et al.? - Answer️Connectivity, low-cost devices, appropriate user interfaces (UI), and power According to Brewer et al., what three factors have an impact on providing access to ICT in developing regions: - Answer️Investment capital, franchising, and shared technology Which is a potential area of impact for ICT that is NOT discussed by Brewer et al.? - Answer️Sustainability Bhoomi, a project discussed by Brewer et al., is an example of what kind of application area? - Answer️E-Government According to Toyama, technology is only a: - Answer️Magnifier of human intent and capacity According to Toyama, which of these is NOT a mechanism that enables technology to widen the gap between haves and have-nots? - Answer️Differential ability (the other three were differential access, differential capacity, and differential motivation) According to Archon Fung, what is a third consideration for technology to deliver on its promise for development: - Answer️Efficacy According to Nathan Eagle, mobile phones in developing regions, especially Africa, have been successful not only because they facilitate global communication but also support: - Answer️Global compensation Which Kenyan mobile baking product is listed as an example of successful ICT for development? - Answer️M-PESA Toyama terms the unfounded belief that once a technology spreads it will bring extensive change: - Answer️Myth of scale Who does Hans Rosling credit for the data he is using for his analysis and projects? - Answer️United States Topher White got the idea for his device while visiting a: - Answer️Gibbon reserve _____________ accounts for more greenhouse gas than most of the world's transportation combined: - Answer️Deforestation What does Topher White use to pick up the sound of a chainsaw within the forest? - Answer️Used cellphones For Gavin Schmidt, ICT helps in better understanding climate change by providing a means to create better: - Answer️Models Patrick Meier's characterizes himself as: - Answer️Digital Humanitarian The most common definition of Sustainable Development (development that meets the needs of the preset without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs) is called __________ : - Answer️Brundtland definition According to the Jevons Paradox: - Answer️Technological efficiency alone will not produce sustainability Resource decoupling is defined as: - Answer️Reducing the rate of use of (primary)resources per unit of economic activity Impact decoupling means: - Answer️Reducing negative environmental impacts per unit of economic activity ______________ is the strategy of decoupling where the focus of economic activity is shifted from material to immaterial resources: - Answer️Dematerialization __________ is NOT one of three approaches to ICT and sustainability discussed in Hilty et al.: - Answer️Humanitarian Informatics Environmental Informatics aims to contribute to sustainable development by building consensus on environmental strategies and policies based on: - Answer️Shared data and understanding According to __________ computations per energy input has doubled every 1.57 years between 1947 and 2009: - Answer️Koomey's Law Smart vending machines do not necessary contribute to sustainability because: - Answer️They increase consumption Overall, the use of ICT has ____________ energy efficiency: - Answer️Decreased Overall, the use of ICT has ____________ sustainability: - Answer️Decreased ICT systems are responsible for the same amount of CO2 emissions as: - Answer️Global air travel According to ____________ the processing power of CPUs doubles every 18 months: - Answer️Moore's Law Server farms consume around ________% of world-wide electricity consumption: - Answer️1% ___________ chemical elements are used to build a microprocessor: - Answer️57-60 What is a characteristic of Contract Ethics: - Answer️Mutual agreement for mutual advantage According to Gorniak-Kocikowska, global ICT ethics should focus on: - Answer️The dynamics between the weak and the strong Global ICT ethics is characterized by "________ Society," "________Economy", and "_______ Workers": - Answer️Knowledge Which of the following statement is NOT part of the Principle of Beneficence as outlined in the Belmont Report: - Answer️Be accountable for actions Which of these principles is specific to ICT related research and was not part of the original Belmont report principles: - Answer️Respect for Law and Public Interest Kevin Slavin, in his talk, argues that ________ is changing how we experience everyday life: - Answer️Algorithms According to Susan Etlinger, _____________ is required to fully understand data and prevent misinterpretation: - Answer️Critical thinking According to Eli Pariser, "your _________ is your own personal unique universe of information that you live in online": - Answer️Filter bubble Pariser wants algorithms to have a _______________ : - Answer️Sense of civic responsibility According to Pariser, Algorithms embed _______ : - Answer️ethics, information, and instructions The Virtue Theory of ethics was conceptualized by? - Answer️Aristotle The Utilitarian Theory of ethics was conceptualized by? - Answer️Mill The Deontological Theory of ethics was conceptualized by? - Answer️Kant The Justice as Fairness Theory of ethics was conceptualized by? - Answer️Rawls The Deontological Theory of Ethics gives emphasis to: - Answer️The principles on which actions are based According to the _______________ Theory of Ethics, "Actions are moral to the extent that they are oriented towards promoting the best long-term interests for everyone concerned": - Answer️Utilitarian Theory The reason Kant does not base ethics on consequences of actions but to duties is that: - Answer️We cannot control the future According to the Justice of Fairness Theory, "General primary goods are to be distributed equally, unless ____________": - Answer️Unequal distribution is to the advantage of the least favored The Hippocrates Oath guides the ethical performance of which professionals: - Answer️Doctors This ethical commitment appears in which professional Code of Ethics: "To reject bribery in all its forms": - Answer️IEEE Code of Ethics Who is Gordon Brown? - Answer️Former Prime Minister of England Former leader of Labor Party Former Chancellor of the Exchequer What does Gordon Brown mean by a "Global Ethic" - Answer️Recognizing our responsibilities to others The Great Divergence - Answer️Increase in inequalities between societies. Incomes rose sharply in many countries after 1800 but declined in others. What did the G8 Summit conclude? - Answer️The solutions to Africa's problems are found by increasing aid How many nations does Africa have? - Answer️53 Professional roles played by Yanis Varoufakis include: - Answer️Minister of finance in Greece and Professor at the University of Texas at Austin What does Yanis Varoufakis term as "the cosmos"? - Answer️Universal global currency What are the "twin peaks" Yanis Varoufakis refers to in his talk? - Answer️High debt and high idle cash reserves. The Cotonou Agreement - Answer️African countries can export goods, duty-free, to the European Union market. Andrew Mwenda is from___ - Answer️Uganda According to Andrew Mwenda, what does Africa lack that prevents its development? - Answer️Capacity Governments such as that of Uganda find it more profitable to listen to ____ than its citizens - Answer️International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Malthusian Trap - Answer️Short term income gains were inevitably lost to population growth. The Malthusian Trap, an explanation for socio-economic growth, was proposed by: - Answer️Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus In which year was the Bretton Woods Conference held? - Answer️1944 The following institutions were formed right after the Second World War - Answer️United Nations, The world bank, WTO The Industrial Revolution had a profound social effect because of two forces: - Answer️1. The nature of technological advance 2. The demographic transition Which 2 countries accounted for 50-60% of the World Economy in 1500 A.D.? - Answer️India and China Agrarian society - Answer️Society who's economy is based on producing and maintaining crops (agriculture). John Mynard Keynes proposed.... - Answer️A universal currency and countries paying into something like the IMF Industrial revolutions have a tendency to..... - Answer️Increase GDP per person In the preinduistrial world, technologiucal advance produced _______, not wealth. - Answer️people Income per person _________ between 1310's and 1450's because of the plague. - Answer️doubled Despite the large income gap, people with lower incomes are _________ happy than those with higher incomes. - Answer️only moderately less Of all the voice-calling minutes used in the world in 2011, what percentage was accounted for by cross-border phone calls? - Answer️2% What percent of the world's population consists of first-generation immigrants? - Answer️3% Of all the investment that occurs in the world, what percentage is accounted for by FDI (foreign direct investment)? - Answer️10% By 2030, ____________ of world's population is expected to live in cities: - Answer️2/3rd Which of these is NOT one of the ten flatteners identified by Friedman: - Answer️Inshoring Who has characterized the world as "spiky"? - Answer️Richard Florida In his talk, Khanna calls the confluence of connectivity and geography: - Answer️Connectography Both these scholars are concerned about urbanization's role in globalization: - Answer️Florida and Khanna Approximately, what percentage of US federal budget goes to foreign aid? - Answer️1% In 2015, which country announced the creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank? - Answer️China In 1995, the following company, that introduced the first Web browser, went public: - Answer️Netscape What does Friedman NOT mean by "The World is Flat"? - Answer️The earth's shape has changed over the past century and become flatter According to Friedman, what is the Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention: - Answer️It states that no two countries that share a Dell supply chain will go to war According to Friedman, what is the best way to improve the state of the poor across the globe: - Answer️Improve local governance According to the DHL Global Connectedness Index, what is increasing at the fastest pace: - Answer️Information flows In the Global Connectedness Index, what does "breadth" refer to: - Answer️How many different countries a particular country interacts with According to Mwenda, the budget of Uganda, his home country, is: - Answer️110% of its revenue According to Brown, what is one issue facing the world today that cannot be solved without involving all countries: - Answer️Climate change In a "spiky" world, what is the primary thing concentrated in urban areas: - Answer️Talent What percentage of users' Facebook friends are located in a country other than where the user is based? - Answer️Between 10-15% How did the number of deaths per year from natural disasters change during the last century? - Answer️Decreased to less than half On average, how much schooling have women who are currently 30 years old have? - Answer️7 years In the last 20 years, how did the percentage of people in the world who live in extreme poverty change? (Extreme poverty is defined as not having enough food for the day). - Answer️Almost halved What is the percentage of the world's one-year-olds that have basic vaccine against measles? - Answer️80%